How geographic diversity and collaborative breadth prevent knowledge leakage during open innovation processes

Drawing upon insights from knowledge-based theory and the learning perspective, we explore safeguarding strategies in open innovation. Geographic diversity and collaborative breadth can effectively protect proprietary innovations that limit knowledge leakage concerns. Using a cross-industry sample from the Taiwanese Technological Innovation Survey III (TTIS III), which covered 1519 firms, we investigate the conditions under which partnership portfolios affect radical innovation. Our findings suggest that the partnership portfolio has an inverted U-shaped influence on radical innovation and that this relationship is moderated by geographic diversity and collaborative breadth. This work identifies a balance in the tension between diverse partnership portfolios and knowledge leakage with regard to open innovation activities. This study provides senior managers with an indication of the relationships between partnership portfolios and innovative knowledge protection, identifying the geographic diversity and collaborative breadth that serve as safeguards to prevent leakages of a firm’s innovative knowledge. This study makes an original contribution to the empirical exploration of innovation knowledge protection and provides new insights into the field of open innovation. We thus balance the tension between partnership portfolios and knowledge leakage.