C2C as a reference framework for circular buildings. Implementation on an existing settlement in Rome

The circularity paradigm represents an indispensable instrument to tackle resource scarcity and climate change, promoting closed loop use of materials and, consequently, decarbonization. Implementing the circular approach in the built environment entails adopting a holistic design approach, such as the Cradle to Cradle (C2C). The most interesting challenge seems to derive from applying C2C strategies to the existing, integrating the Nearly Zero Energy Building standard with the Nearly Zero Impact of Materials Used Over the Whole Life Cycle approach, focusing on circular design solutions for the upgrade of the existing building stock. Statement is that the buildings are meant as a resource themselves, though not designed for disassembly and recovery of components and materials. The paper illustrates the implementation of circular design and of an urban mining approach in the regeneration of existing settlements, made with traditional techniques, highlighting its critical issues