Surgeons’ perspectives on artificial intelligence to support clinical decision-making in trauma and emergency contexts: results from an international survey

Cobianchi, Lorenzo; Piccolo, Daniele; Dal Mas, Francesca; Agnoletti, Vanni; Ansaloni, Luca; Balch, Jeremy; Biffl, Walter; Butturini, Giovanni; Catena, Fausto; Coccolini, Federico; Denicolai, Stefano; De Simone, Belinda; Frigerio, Isabella; Fugazzola, Paola; Marseglia, Gianluigi; Marseglia, Giuseppe Roberto; Martellucci, Jacopo; Modenese, Mirko; Previtali, Pietro; Ruta, Federico; Venturi, Alessandro; Kaafarani, Haytham M; Loftus, Tyler J; Kenneth Lyle Abbott,; Abdelmalik, Abubaker; Nebyou Seyoum Abebe,; Abu-Zidan, Fikri; Yousif Abdallah Yousif Adam,; Adamou, Harissou; Dmitry Mikhailovich Adamovich,; Agresta, Ferdinando; Agrusa, Antonino; Akin, Emrah; Alessiani, Mario; Alexandrino, Henrique; Syed Muhammad Ali,; Vasilescu Alin Mihai,; Pedro Miguel Almeida,; Mohammed Mohammed Al-Shehari,; Altomare, Michele; Amico, Francesco; Ammendola, Michele; Andreuccetti, Jacopo; Anestiadou, Elissavet; Angelos, Peter; Annicchiarico, Alfredo; Antonelli, Amedeo; Aparicio-Sanchez, Daniel; Ardito, Antonella; Argenio, Giulio; Catherine Claude Arvieux,; Ingolf Harald Askevold,; Boyko Tchavdarov Atanasov,; Augustin, Goran; Selmy Sabry Awad,; Bacchiocchi, Giulia; Bagnoli, Carlo; Bahouth, Hany; Baili, Efstratia; Bains, Lovenish; Gian Luca Baiocchi,; Bala, Miklosh; Balagué, Carmen; Balalis, Dimitrios; Baldini, Edoardo; Baraket, Oussama; Baral, Suman; Barone, Mirko; Alberto Gonzãlez Barranquero,; Jorge Arturo Barreras,; Gary Alan Bass,; Bayhan, Zulfu; Bellanova, Giovanni; Ben-Ishay, Offir; Bert, Fabrizio; Bianchi, Valentina; Biancuzzi, Helena; Bidoli, Chiara; Raluca Bievel Radulescu,; Mark Brian Bignell,; Biloslavo, Alan; Bissacco, Daniele; Bini, Roberto; Boati, Paolo; Boddaert, Guillaume; Bogdanic, Branko; Bombardini, Cristina; Bonavina, Luigi; Bonomo, Luca; Bottari, Andrea; Bouliaris, Konstantinos; Brachini, Gioia; Brillantino, Antonio; Brisinda, Giuseppe; Maloni Mamada Bulanauca,; Luis Antonio Buonomo,; Burcharth, Jakob; Buscemi, Salvatore; Calabretto, Francesca; Calini, Giacomo; Calu, Valentin; Fabio Cesare Campanile,; Riccardo Campo Dall Orto,; Campos-Serra, Andrea; Campostrini, Stefano; Capoglu, Recayi; Joao Miguel Carvas,; Cascella, Marco; Gianmaria Casoni Pattacini,; Celentano, Valerio; Danilo Corrado Centonze,; Ceresoli, Marco; Chatzipetris, Dimitrios; Chessa, Antonella; Maria Michela Chiarello,; Chirica, Mircea; Chooklin, Serge; Chouliaras, Christos; Chowdhury, Sharfuddin; Cianci, Pasquale; Cillara, Nicola; Cimbanassi, Stefania; Cioffi, STEFANO PIERO BERNARDO; Colak, Elif; Enrique Colás Ruiz,; Conti, Luigi; Coppola, Alessandro; Tiago Correia De Sa,; Silvia Dantas Costa,; Cozza, Valerio; Curro', Giuseppe; Kirsten Felicia Ann-Sophie Aimee Dabekaussen,; D'Acapito, Fabrizio; Damaskos, Dimitrios; D'Ambrosio, Giancarlo; Das, Koray; Richard Justin Davies,; Andrew Charles De Beaux,; Sara Patricia De Lebrusant Fernandez,; Alessandro De Luca,; Francesca De Stefano,; Degrate, Luca; Demetrashvili, Zaza; Andreas Kyriacou Demetriades,; Dzemail Smail Detanac,; Dezi, Agnese; Giuseppe Di Buono,; Isidoro Di Carlo,; Pierpaolo Di Lascio,; Marcello Di Martino,; Salomone Di Saverio,; Diaconescu, Bogdan; Jose, J Diaz; Dibra, Rigers; Evgeni Nikolaev Dimitrov,; Vincenza Paola Dinuzzi,; Dios-Barbeito, Sandra; Jehangir Farman Ali Diyani,; Dogjani, Agron; Domanin, Maurizio; D'Oria, Mario; Virginia Duran Munoz-Cruzado,; East, Barbora; Ekelund, Mikael; Gerald Takem Ekwen,; Adel Hamed Elbaih,; Elhadi, Muhammed; Enninghorst, Natalie; Ernisova, Mairam; Juan Pablo Escalera-Antezana,; Esposito, Sofia; Esposito, Giuseppe; Estaire, Mercedes; Camilla Nikita Farè,; Farre, Roser; Favi, Francesco; Ferrario, Luca; Antonjacopo Ferrario di Tor Vajana,; Filisetti, Claudia; Fleres, Francesco; Vinicius Cordeiro Fonseca,; Forero-Torres, Alexander; Forfori, Francesco; Fortuna, Laura; Fradelos, Evangelos; Gustavo, P Fraga; Fransvea, Pietro; Frassini, Simone; Frazzetta, Giuseppe; Pizzocaro, Erica; Frountzas, Maximos; Gachabayov, Mahir; Galeiras, Rita; Alain, A Garcia Vazquez; Gargarella, Simone; Ibrahim Umar Garzali,; Wagih Mommtaz Ghannam,; Faiz Najmuddin Ghazi,; Lawrence Marshall Gillman,; Gioco, Rossella; Giordano, Alessio; Giordano, Luca; Giove, Carlo; Giraudo, Giorgio; Giuffrida, Mario; GIULII CAPPONI, Michela; Emanuel Gois Jr,; Carlos Augusto Gomes,; Felipe Couto Gomes,; Ricardo Alessandro Teixeira Gonsaga,; Gonullu, Emre; Goosen, Jacques; Goranovic, Tatjana; Gracia-Roman, Raquel; Giorgio Maria Paolo Graziano,; Ewen Alexander Griffiths,; Guagni, Tommaso; Dimitar Bozhidarov Hadzhiev,; Muad Gamil Haidar,; Hytham K, S Hamid; Timothy Craig Hardcastle,; Hayati, Firdaus; Andrew James Healey,; Hecker, Andreas; Hecker, Matthias; Edgar Fernando Hernandez Garcia,; Adrien Montcho Hodonou,; Eduardo Cancio Huaman,; Huerta, Martin; Aini Fahriza Ibrahim,; Basil Mohamed Salabeldin Ibrahim,; Ietto, Giuseppe; Inama, Marco; Ioannidis, Orestis; Isik, Arda; Ismail, Nizar; Azzain Mahadi Hamid Ismail,; Ruhi Fadzlyana Jailani,; Ji Young Jang,; Kalfountzos, Christos; Sujala Niatarika Rajsain Kalipershad,; Kaouras, Emmanouil; Lewis Jay Kaplan,; Kara, Yasin; Karamagioli, Evika; Karamarkovia, Aleksandar; Katsaros, Ioannis; Alfie, J Kavalakat; Kechagias, Aristotelis; Kenig, Jakub; Boris Juli Kessel,; Jim, S Khan; Khokha, Vladimir; Jae Il Kim,; Andrew Wallace Kirkpatrick,; Klappenbach, Roberto; Kluger, Yoram; Kobe, Yoshiro; Efstratios Kofopoulos Lymperis,; Kenneth Yuh Yen Kok,; Kong, Victor; Dimitris, P Korkolis; Koukoulis, Georgios; Kovacevic, Bojan; Vitor Favali Kruger,; Igor, A Kryvoruchko; Kurihara, Hayato; Kuriyama, Akira; Landaluce-Olavarria, Aitor; Lapolla, Pierfrancesco; Leppäniemi, Ari; Licari, Leo; Lisi, Giorgio; Litvin, Andrey; Lizarazu, Aintzane; Heura Llaquet Bayo,; Lohsiriwat, Varut; Claudia Cristina Lopes Moreira,; Lostoridis, Eftychios; Agustãn Tovar Luna,; Luppi, Davide; Gustavo Miguel Machain, V; Maegele, Marc; Maggiore, Daniele; Magnone, Stefano; Ronald, V Maier; Major, Piotr; Manangi, Mallikarjuna; Manetti, Andrea; Mantoglu, Baris; Marafante, Chiara; Mariani, Federico; Marinis, Athanasios; Evandro Antonio Sbalcheiro Mariot,; Martines, Gennaro; Aleix Martinez Perez,; Martino, Costanza; Mascagni, Pietro; Massalou, Damien; Massaro, Maurizio; Matías-García, Belen; Mazzarella, Gennaro; Mazzarolo, Giorgio; Renato Bessa Melo,; Mendoza-Moreno, Fernando; Meric, Serhat; Meyer, Jeremy; Miceli, Luca; Nikolaos, V Michalopoulos; Milana, Flavio; Mingoli, Andrea; Tushar, S Mishra; Mohamed, Muyed; Musab Isam Eldin Abbas Mohamed,; Ali Yasen Mohamedahmed,; Mohammed Jibreel Suliman Mohammed,; Mohan, Rajashekar; Ernest, E Moore; Morales-Garcia, Dieter; Mã Ns Muhrbeck,; Mulita, Francesk; Sami Mohamed Siddig Mustafa,; Muttillo, EDOARDO MARIA; Mukhammad David Naimzada,; Pradeep, H Navsaria; Negoi, Ionut; Nespoli, Luca; Nguyen, Christine; Melkamu Kibret Nidaw,; Nigri, Giuseppe; Nikolopoulos, Ioannis; Donal Brendan O'Connor,; Habeeb Damilola Ogundipe,; Oliveri, Cristina; Olmi, Stefano; Ernest Cun Wang Ong,; Orecchia, Luca; Aleksei, V Osipov; Muhammad Faeid Othman,; Pace, Marco; Pacilli, Mario; Pagani, Leonardo; Palomba, Giuseppe; Pantalone, Desire'; Panyko, Arpad; Paolillo, Ciro; Mario Virgilio Papa,; Papaconstantinou, Dimitrios; Papadoliopoulou, Maria; Papadopoulos, Aristeidis; Papis, Davide; Pararas, Nikolaos; Jose Gustavo Parreira,; Neil Geordie Parry,; Pata, Francesco; Patel, Tapan; Paterson-Brown, Simon; Pavone, Giovanna; Pecchini, Francesca; Pegoraro, Veronica; Pellino, Gianluca; Pelloni, Maria; Peloso, Andrea; Eduardo Perea Del Pozo,; Rita Goncalves Pereira,; Bruno Monteiro Pereira,; Aintzane Lizarazu Perez,; Pérez, Silvia; Perra, Teresa; Perrone, Gennaro; Pesce, Antonio; Petagna, Lorenzo; Petracca, Giovanni; Phupong, Vorapong; Picardi, Biagio; Picciariello, Arcangelo; Piccoli, Micaela; Picetti, Edoardo; Emmanouil Pikoulis Pikoulis,; Pintar, Tadeja; Pirozzolo, Giovanni; Piscioneri, Francesco; Podda, Mauro; Porcu, Alberto; Privitera, Francesca; Punzo, Clelia; Quaresima, Silvia; Martha Alexa Quiodettis,; Qvist, Niels; Rahim, Razrim; Filipe Ramalho de Almeida,; Rosnelifaizur Bin Ramely,; Huseyin Kemal Rasa,; Reichert, Martin; Reinisch-Liese, Alexander; Renne, Angela; Riccetti, Camilla; Maria Rita Rodriguez-Luna,; Roizblatt, Daniel; Romanzi, Andrea; Romeo, Luigi; Francesco Pietro Maria Roscio,; Ramely Bin Rosnelifaizur,; Rossi, Stefano; Andres, M Rubiano; Ruiz-Ucar, Elena; Boris Evgeniev Sakakushev,; Juan Carlos Salamea,; Sall, Ibrahima; Lasitha Bhagya Samarakoon,; Sammartano, Fabrizio; Alejandro Sanchez Arteaga,; Sanchez-Cordero, Sergi; Domenico Pietro Maria Santoanastaso,; Sartelli, Massimo; Sasia, Diego; Sato, Norio; Savchuk, Artem; Robert Grant Sawyer,; Scaioli, Giacomo; Schizas, Dimitrios; Sebastiani, Simone; Seeliger, Barbara; Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse,; Seretis, Charalampos; Sermonesi, Giacomo; Serradilla-Martin, Mario; Vishal, G Shelat; Shlyapnikov, Sergei; Sidiropoulos, Theodoros; Romeo Lages Simoes,; Siragusa, Leandro; Siribumrungwong, Boonying; Slavchev, Mihail; Solaini, Leonardo; Soldini, Gabriele; Sopuev, Andrey; Soreide, Kjetil; Sovatzidis, Apostolos; Philip Frank Stahel,; Strickland, Matt; Mohamed Arif Hameed Sultan,; Sydorchuk, Ruslan; Sydorchuk, Larysa; Syed Muhammad Ali Muhammad Syed,; Tallon-Aguilar, Luis; Andrea Marco Tamburini,; Tamini, Nicolò; Edward C T, H Tan; Jih Huei Tan,; Tarasconi, Antonio; Tartaglia, Nicola; Tartaglia, Giuseppe; Tartaglia, Dario; John Vincent Taylor,; Giovanni Domenico Tebala,; Ricardo Alessandro Teixeira Gonsaga,; Teuben, Michel; Theodorou, Alexis; Tolonen, Matti; Tomasicchio, Giovanni; Toro, Adriana; Torre, Beatrice; Triantafyllou, Tania; Trigiante, Giuseppe; Tripepi, Marzia; Trostchansky, Julio; Tsekouras, Konstantinos; Turrado-Rodriguez, Victor; Tutino, Roberta; Uccelli, Matteo; Petar Angelov Uchikov,; Ugarte-Sierra, Bakarne; Mika Tapani Ukkonen,; Vailas, Michail; Panteleimon, G Vassiliu; Alain Garcia Vazquez,; Rita Galeiras Vazquez,; Velmahos, George; Juan Ezequiel Verde,; Juan Manuel Verde,; Veroux, Massimiliano; Viganò, Jacopo; Vilallonga, Ramon; Visconti, Diego; Vittori, Alessandro; Waledziak, Maciej; Wannatoop, Tongporn; Lukas Werner Widmer,; Michael Samuel James Wilson,; Woltz, Sarah; Ting Hway Wong,; Xenaki, Sofia; Byungchul, Yu; Yule, Steven; Sanoop Koshy Zachariah,; Zacharis, Georgios; Zaghi, Claudia; Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria,; Diego, A Zambrano; Zampitis, Nikolaos; Zampogna, Biagio; Zanghì, Simone; Zantedeschi, Maristella; Zapsalis, Konstantinos; Zattoni, Fabio; Zese, Monica

doi:10.1186/s13017-022-00467-3

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining traction in medicine and surgery. AI-based applications can offer tools to examine high-volume data to inform predictive analytics that supports complex decision-making processes. Time-sensitive trauma and emergency contexts are often challenging. The study aims to investigate trauma and emergency surgeons' knowledge and perception of using AI-based tools in clinical decision-making processes. Methods: An online survey grounded on literature regarding AI-enabled surgical decision-making aids was created by a multidisciplinary committee and endorsed by the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES). The survey was advertised to 917 WSES members through the society's website and Twitter profile. Results: 650 surgeons from 71 countries in five continents participated in the survey. Results depict the presence of technology enthusiasts and skeptics and surgeons' preference toward more classical decision-making aids like clinical guidelines, traditional training, and the support of their multidisciplinary colleagues. A lack of knowledge about several AI-related aspects emerges and is associated with mistrust. Discussion: The trauma and emergency surgical community is divided into those who firmly believe in the potential of AI and those who do not understand or trust AI-enabled surgical decision-making aids. Academic societies and surgical training programs should promote a foundational, working knowledge of clinical AI.

Surgeons’ perspectives on artificial intelligence to support clinical decision-making in trauma and emergency contexts: results from an international survey / Cobianchi, Lorenzo; Piccolo, Daniele; Dal Mas, Francesca; Agnoletti, Vanni; Ansaloni, Luca; Balch, Jeremy; Biffl, Walter; Butturini, Giovanni; Catena, Fausto; Coccolini, Federico; Denicolai, Stefano; De Simone, Belinda; Frigerio, Isabella; Fugazzola, Paola; Marseglia, Gianluigi; Marseglia, Giuseppe Roberto; Martellucci, Jacopo; Modenese, Mirko; Previtali, Pietro; Ruta, Federico; Venturi, Alessandro; Kaafarani, Haytham M; Loftus, Tyler J; Kenneth Lyle Abbott, ; Abubaker, Abdelmalik; Nebyou Seyoum Abebe, ; Fikri, Abu-Zidan; Yousif Abdallah Yousif Adam, ; Harissou, Adamou; Dmitry Mikhailovich Adamovich, ; Ferdinando, Agresta; Antonino, Agrusa; Emrah, Akin; Mario, Alessiani; Henrique, Alexandrino; Syed Muhammad Ali, ; Vasilescu Alin Mihai, ; Pedro Miguel Almeida, ; Mohammed Mohammed Al-Shehari, ; Altomare, Michele; Francesco, Amico; Michele, Ammendola; Andreuccetti, Jacopo; Elissavet, Anestiadou; Peter, Angelos; Alfredo, Annicchiarico; Amedeo, Antonelli; Daniel, Aparicio-Sanchez; Antonella, Ardito; Giulio, Argenio; Catherine Claude Arvieux, ; Ingolf Harald Askevold, ; Boyko Tchavdarov Atanasov, ; Goran, Augustin; Selmy Sabry Awad, ; Giulia, Bacchiocchi; Carlo, Bagnoli; Hany, Bahouth; Efstratia, Baili; Lovenish, Bains; Gian Luca Baiocchi, ; Miklosh, Bala; Carmen, Balagué; Dimitrios, Balalis; Edoardo, Baldini; Oussama, Baraket; Suman, Baral; Mirko, Barone; Alberto Gonzãlez Barranquero, ; Jorge Arturo Barreras, ; Gary Alan Bass, ; Zulfu, Bayhan; Giovanni, Bellanova; Offir, Ben-Ishay; Fabrizio, Bert; Valentina, Bianchi; Helena, Biancuzzi; Chiara, Bidoli; Raluca Bievel Radulescu, ; Mark Brian Bignell, ; Alan, Biloslavo; Daniele, Bissacco; Roberto, Bini; Paolo, Boati; Guillaume, Boddaert; Branko, Bogdanic; Cristina, Bombardini; Luigi, Bonavina; Luca, Bonomo; Andrea, Bottari; Konstantinos, Bouliaris; Brachini, Gioia; Antonio, Brillantino; Giuseppe, Brisinda; Maloni Mamada Bulanauca, ; Luis Antonio Buonomo, ; Jakob, Burcharth; Buscemi, Salvatore; Francesca, Calabretto; Giacomo, Calini; Valentin, Calu; Fabio Cesare Campanile, ; Riccardo Campo Dall Orto, ; Andrea, Campos-Serra; Stefano, Campostrini; Recayi, Capoglu; Joao Miguel Carvas, ; Marco, Cascella; Gianmaria Casoni Pattacini, ; Valerio, Celentano; Danilo Corrado Centonze, ; Marco, Ceresoli; Dimitrios, Chatzipetris; Antonella, Chessa; Maria Michela Chiarello, ; Mircea, Chirica; Serge, Chooklin; Christos, Chouliaras; Sharfuddin, Chowdhury; Pasquale, Cianci; Nicola, Cillara; Stefania, Cimbanassi; Cioffi, STEFANO PIERO BERNARDO; Elif, Colak; Enrique Colás Ruiz, ; Luigi, Conti; Alessandro, Coppola; Tiago Correia De Sa, ; Silvia Dantas Costa, ; Cozza, Valerio; Giuseppe, Curro'; Kirsten Felicia Ann-Sophie Aimee Dabekaussen, ; Fabrizio, D'Acapito; Dimitrios, Damaskos; D'Ambrosio, Giancarlo; Koray, Das; Richard Justin Davies, ; Andrew Charles De Beaux, ; Sara Patricia De Lebrusant Fernandez, ; Alessandro De Luca, ; Francesca De Stefano, ; Luca, Degrate; Zaza, Demetrashvili; Andreas Kyriacou Demetriades, ; Dzemail Smail Detanac, ; Agnese, Dezi; Giuseppe Di Buono, ; Isidoro Di Carlo, ; Pierpaolo Di Lascio, ; Marcello Di Martino, ; Salomone Di Saverio, ; Bogdan, Diaconescu; Jose, J Diaz; Rigers, Dibra; Evgeni Nikolaev Dimitrov, ; Vincenza Paola Dinuzzi, ; Sandra, Dios-Barbeito; Jehangir Farman Ali Diyani, ; Agron, Dogjani; Maurizio, Domanin; Mario, D'Oria; Virginia Duran Munoz-Cruzado, ; Barbora, East; Mikael, Ekelund; Gerald Takem Ekwen, ; Adel Hamed Elbaih, ; Muhammed, Elhadi; Natalie, Enninghorst; Mairam, Ernisova; Juan Pablo Escalera-Antezana, ; Sofia, Esposito; Giuseppe, Esposito; Mercedes, Estaire; Camilla Nikita Farè, ; Roser, Farre; Favi, Francesco; Ferrario, Luca; Antonjacopo Ferrario di Tor Vajana, ; Claudia, Filisetti; Francesco, Fleres; Vinicius Cordeiro Fonseca, ; Alexander, Forero-Torres; Francesco, Forfori; Laura, Fortuna; Evangelos, Fradelos; Gustavo, P Fraga; Fransvea, Pietro; Simone, Frassini; Giuseppe, Frazzetta; Erica, Pizzocaro; Maximos, Frountzas; Mahir, Gachabayov; Rita, Galeiras; Alain, A Garcia Vazquez; Simone, Gargarella; Ibrahim Umar Garzali, ; Wagih Mommtaz Ghannam, ; Faiz Najmuddin Ghazi, ; Lawrence Marshall Gillman, ; Rossella, Gioco; Alessio, Giordano; Luca, Giordano; Carlo, Giove; Giorgio, Giraudo; Mario, Giuffrida; GIULII CAPPONI, Michela; Emanuel Gois Jr, ; Carlos Augusto Gomes, ; Felipe Couto Gomes, ; Ricardo Alessandro Teixeira Gonsaga, ; Emre, Gonullu; Jacques, Goosen; Tatjana, Goranovic; Raquel, Gracia-Roman; Giorgio Maria Paolo Graziano, ; Ewen Alexander Griffiths, ; Tommaso, Guagni; Dimitar Bozhidarov Hadzhiev, ; Muad Gamil Haidar, ; Hytham K, S Hamid; Timothy Craig Hardcastle, ; Firdaus, Hayati; Andrew James Healey, ; Andreas, Hecker; Matthias, Hecker; Edgar Fernando Hernandez Garcia, ; Adrien Montcho Hodonou, ; Eduardo Cancio Huaman, ; Martin, Huerta; Aini Fahriza Ibrahim, ; Basil Mohamed Salabeldin Ibrahim, ; Giuseppe, Ietto; Marco, Inama; Orestis, Ioannidis; Arda, Isik; Nizar, Ismail; Azzain Mahadi Hamid Ismail, ; Ruhi Fadzlyana Jailani, ; Ji Young Jang, ; Christos, Kalfountzos; Sujala Niatarika Rajsain Kalipershad, ; Emmanouil, Kaouras; Lewis Jay Kaplan, ; Yasin, Kara; Evika, Karamagioli; Aleksandar, Karamarkovia; Ioannis, Katsaros; Alfie, J Kavalakat; Aristotelis, Kechagias; Jakub, Kenig; Boris Juli Kessel, ; Jim, S Khan; Vladimir, Khokha; Jae Il Kim, ; Andrew Wallace Kirkpatrick, ; Roberto, Klappenbach; Yoram, Kluger; Yoshiro, Kobe; Efstratios Kofopoulos Lymperis, ; Kenneth Yuh Yen Kok, ; Victor, Kong; Dimitris, P Korkolis; Georgios, Koukoulis; Bojan, Kovacevic; Vitor Favali Kruger, ; Igor, A Kryvoruchko; Hayato, Kurihara; Akira, Kuriyama; Aitor, Landaluce-Olavarria; Lapolla, Pierfrancesco; Ari, Leppäniemi; Leo, Licari; Giorgio, Lisi; Andrey, Litvin; Aintzane, Lizarazu; Heura Llaquet Bayo, ; Varut, Lohsiriwat; Claudia Cristina Lopes Moreira, ; Eftychios, Lostoridis; Agustãn Tovar Luna, ; Davide, Luppi; Gustavo Miguel Machain, V; Marc, Maegele; Daniele, Maggiore; Stefano, Magnone; Ronald, V Maier; Piotr, Major; Mallikarjuna, Manangi; Andrea, Manetti; Baris, Mantoglu; Chiara, Marafante; Mariani, Federico; Athanasios, Marinis; Evandro Antonio Sbalcheiro Mariot, ; Gennaro, Martines; Aleix Martinez Perez, ; Costanza, Martino; Mascagni, Pietro; Damien, Massalou; Maurizio, Massaro; Belen, Matías-García; Mazzarella, Gennaro; Giorgio, Mazzarolo; Renato Bessa Melo, ; Fernando, Mendoza-Moreno; Serhat, Meric; Jeremy, Meyer; Luca, Miceli; Nikolaos, V Michalopoulos; Flavio, Milana; Mingoli, Andrea; Tushar, S Mishra; Muyed, Mohamed; Musab Isam Eldin Abbas Mohamed, ; Ali Yasen Mohamedahmed, ; Mohammed Jibreel Suliman Mohammed, ; Rajashekar, Mohan; Ernest, E Moore; Dieter, Morales-Garcia; Mã Ns Muhrbeck, ; Francesk, Mulita; Sami Mohamed Siddig Mustafa, ; Muttillo, EDOARDO MARIA; Mukhammad David Naimzada, ; Pradeep, H Navsaria; Ionut, Negoi; Luca, Nespoli; Christine, Nguyen; Melkamu Kibret Nidaw, ; Nigri, Giuseppe; Ioannis, Nikolopoulos; Donal Brendan O'Connor, ; Habeeb Damilola Ogundipe, ; Cristina, Oliveri; Stefano, Olmi; Ernest Cun Wang Ong, ; Luca, Orecchia; Aleksei, V Osipov; Muhammad Faeid Othman, ; Marco, Pace; Pacilli, Mario; Leonardo, Pagani; Giuseppe, Palomba; Desire', Pantalone; Arpad, Panyko; Paolillo, Ciro; Mario Virgilio Papa, ; Dimitrios, Papaconstantinou; Maria, Papadoliopoulou; Aristeidis, Papadopoulos; Davide, Papis; Nikolaos, Pararas; Jose Gustavo Parreira, ; Neil Geordie Parry, ; Pata, Francesco; Tapan, Patel; Simon, Paterson-Brown; Giovanna, Pavone; Francesca, Pecchini; Veronica, Pegoraro; Gianluca, Pellino; Maria, Pelloni; Andrea, Peloso; Eduardo Perea Del Pozo, ; Rita Goncalves Pereira, ; Bruno Monteiro Pereira, ; Aintzane Lizarazu Perez, ; Silvia, Pérez; Teresa, Perra; Gennaro, Perrone; Antonio, Pesce; Lorenzo, Petagna; Giovanni, Petracca; Vorapong, Phupong; Biagio, Picardi; Arcangelo, Picciariello; Micaela, Piccoli; Edoardo, Picetti; Emmanouil Pikoulis Pikoulis, ; Tadeja, Pintar; Giovanni, Pirozzolo; Francesco, Piscioneri; Mauro, Podda; Alberto, Porcu; Francesca, Privitera; Clelia, Punzo; Quaresima, Silvia; Martha Alexa Quiodettis, ; Niels, Qvist; Razrim, Rahim; Filipe Ramalho de Almeida, ; Rosnelifaizur Bin Ramely, ; Huseyin Kemal Rasa, ; Martin, Reichert; Alexander, Reinisch-Liese; Angela, Renne; Camilla, Riccetti; Maria Rita Rodriguez-Luna, ; Daniel, Roizblatt; Romanzi, Andrea; Luigi, Romeo; Francesco Pietro Maria Roscio, ; Ramely Bin Rosnelifaizur, ; Stefano, Rossi; Andres, M Rubiano; Elena, Ruiz-Ucar; Boris Evgeniev Sakakushev, ; Juan Carlos Salamea, ; Ibrahima, Sall; Lasitha Bhagya Samarakoon, ; Fabrizio, Sammartano; Alejandro Sanchez Arteaga, ; Sergi, Sanchez-Cordero; Domenico Pietro Maria Santoanastaso, ; Massimo, Sartelli; Diego, Sasia; Norio, Sato; Artem, Savchuk; Robert Grant Sawyer, ; Giacomo, Scaioli; Dimitrios, Schizas; Simone, Sebastiani; Barbara, Seeliger; Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, ; Charalampos, Seretis; Giacomo, Sermonesi; Mario, Serradilla-Martin; Vishal, G Shelat; Sergei, Shlyapnikov; Theodoros, Sidiropoulos; Romeo Lages Simoes, ; Leandro, Siragusa; Boonying, Siribumrungwong; Mihail, Slavchev; Leonardo, Solaini; Gabriele, Soldini; Andrey, Sopuev; Kjetil, Soreide; Apostolos, Sovatzidis; Philip Frank Stahel, ; Matt, Strickland; Mohamed Arif Hameed Sultan, ; Ruslan, Sydorchuk; Larysa, Sydorchuk; Syed Muhammad Ali Muhammad Syed, ; Luis, Tallon-Aguilar; Andrea Marco Tamburini, ; Nicolò, Tamini; Edward C T, H Tan; Jih Huei Tan, ; Antonio, Tarasconi; Tartaglia, Nicola; Tartaglia, Giuseppe; Dario, Tartaglia; John Vincent Taylor, ; Giovanni Domenico Tebala, ; Ricardo Alessandro Teixeira Gonsaga, ; Michel, Teuben; Alexis, Theodorou; Matti, Tolonen; Giovanni, Tomasicchio; Adriana, Toro; Beatrice, Torre; Tania, Triantafyllou; Trigiante, Giuseppe; Marzia, Tripepi; Julio, Trostchansky; Konstantinos, Tsekouras; Victor, Turrado-Rodriguez; Roberta, Tutino; Matteo, Uccelli; Petar Angelov Uchikov, ; Bakarne, Ugarte-Sierra; Mika Tapani Ukkonen, ; Michail, Vailas; Panteleimon, G Vassiliu; Alain Garcia Vazquez, ; Rita Galeiras Vazquez, ; George, Velmahos; Juan Ezequiel Verde, ; Juan Manuel Verde, ; Massimiliano, Veroux; Jacopo, Viganò; Ramon, Vilallonga; Diego, Visconti; Vittori, Alessandro; Maciej, Waledziak; Tongporn, Wannatoop; Lukas Werner Widmer, ; Michael Samuel James Wilson, ; Sarah, Woltz; Ting Hway Wong, ; Sofia, Xenaki; Byungchul, Yu; Steven, Yule; Sanoop Koshy Zachariah, ; Georgios, Zacharis; Claudia, Zaghi; Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, ; Diego, A Zambrano; Nikolaos, Zampitis; Biagio, Zampogna; Simone, Zanghì; Maristella, Zantedeschi; Konstantinos, Zapsalis; Fabio, Zattoni; Monica, Zese. - In: WORLD JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY SURGERY. - ISSN 1749-7922. - 18:1(2023). 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