Robotic Liver Resections: Application of Difficulty Score Systems to an Initial Experience. Is a Specific Robotic Difficulty Score Necessary?

Background: Recently, the minimally invasive surgical approach has been available for performing liver resections (LRs) with laparoscopic and robotic techniques. The robotic approach for LRs seems to overcome several laparoscopic limitations, which is a valid alternative when performed in high volume and specialized centers. Laparoscopic difficulty score systems (DSSs) should serve to guide the surgeon's choice in the best surgical approach to adopt for every single patient, giving the possibility to switch to the open approach when needed. To this day, no specific robotic difficulty scores exist. The aim of our study was to verify the feasibility of applying these scores and related updates on robotic LRs performed in our Institute. Materials and Methods: Out of a total of 683 LRs performed from June 2010 to July 2019, 60 were performed through using a mini invasive approach and of these 18 were performed robotically. The Ban DSS and subsequently the modified Iwate DSS were applied to our cases. Results: Based on our findings, applying the DSS we divided our series into two groups: a low difficulty level group (1-3) made up of 5 patients, and an intermediate difficulty level group (4-6) consisting of 13 patients. Average Ban DSS and subsequently updated score system results were 4.6 ± 1.5 points (range 2-6) for both scores. Conclusions: Difficulties were encountered in applying the score when simultaneous multiple wedge resections were performed. The laparoscopic DSS is applicable to robotic LRs with some limitations due to the peculiarity of the two different minimally invasive approaches. A specific robotic difficulty rating score could be necessary to include these elements.