The essay analyses art. 6, d.l. 8/4/2020, n. 23, as modified by l. 30/12/2020, which suspends, with regards to limited liabilitiy companies, the operation of both the compulsory reduction of the capital due to losses, and the cause for dissolution pursuant to art. 2484, par. 1, n. 4 of the Italian Civil Code, for the COVID-19 emergency. In particular, the notion of "losses that emerged" in the reference financial year is analysed, concluding that it should be obtained by taking into account all the losses recognized in the financial statements, including those carried forward from previous years (if this happened legitimately), net of any reserves capable of absorbing them. This takes into account the intent of the legislator (clearly revealed with the first version of art. 6 in question) to consider not only the needs of companies that are dealing with completely unpredictable losses due to the outbreak of the pandemic, but also of those struggling with difficulties in raising capital, due to the peculiar situation of the markets. Furthermore, the proposed solution allows to calculate, for companies having financial years not coinciding with the calendar year, also the losses produced during the first months of 2020, in particular during the first lockdown, characterized by the production of high and completely unexpected losses. The losses referred to in art. 6 d.l. 23/2020 are not calculated solely for the purposes of the optional postponement of the recapitalization obligations, while they will be taken into account in all other circumstances in which the actual amount of equity is relevant. Ultimately, the legislator introduces a more favourable discipline for companies, granting - to the companies that decide to make use of this possibility, in light of the overall balance sheet and financial situation - a longer period of time to proceed with the obligations due in the event of a significant loss of capital, but does not generally affect the system of share capital.
Lo studio analizza l’art. 6, d.l. 8/4/2020, n. 23, come modificato dalla l. 30/12/2020, n. 178, che sospende l’operatività sia degli obblighi di riduzione del capitale per perdite in materia di società di capitali, sia della causa di scioglimento di cui all’art. 2484, comma 1, n. 4 c.c., per l’emergenza COVID-19. Si analizza in particolare la nozione di “perdite emerse” nell’esercizio di riferimento, ritenendo che essa vada ricavata tenendo conto di tutte le perdite rilevate in bilancio, comprese quelle portate a nuovo da esercizi precedenti (qualora ciò sia avvenuto legittimamente), al netto di eventuali riserve in grado di assorbirle. In questo modo si tiene conto dell’intento del legislatore (chiaramente palesato con la prima stesura dell’art. 6 in commento) di voler considerare non solo le esigenze delle imprese che si trovano a fronteggiare perdite del tutto imprevedibili per lo scoppio della pandemia, ma anche di quelle alle prese con difficoltà di reperimento di capitali, per la peculiare situazione dei mercati. Inoltre, la soluzione proposta consente di computare, per le imprese aventi esercizi non coincidenti con l’anno solare, anche le perdite prodottesi durante i primi mesi del 2020, in particolare durante il primo lockdown, caratterizzato dalla produzione di perdite elevate e del tutto inattese. Le perdite di cui all’art. 6 d.l. 23/2020 non sono computate unicamente ai fini dell’eventuale rinvio degli obblighi di ricapitalizzazione, mentre di esse si terrà conto in tutte le altre circostanze in cui rileva l’effettiva entità del patrimonio netto. Il legislatore, in definitiva, introduce una disciplina di maggior favore per le imprese, concedendo – alle società che decidano di avvalersi di tale possibilità, alla luce della complessiva situazione patrimoniale e finanziaria – un maggiore lasso temporale per procedere agli adempimenti dovuti in caso di perdita rilevante del capitale, ma non incide in via generale sul sistema del capitale sociale.
La nuova sospensione degli obblighi di riduzione del capitale sociale nella legislazione di emergenza COVID-19 / Paolini, Alessandra. - In: STUDI E MATERIALI. - ISSN 1720-5743. - 2(2021), pp. 603-623.
La nuova sospensione degli obblighi di riduzione del capitale sociale nella legislazione di emergenza COVID-19
Alessandra Paolini
2021
Abstract
The essay analyses art. 6, d.l. 8/4/2020, n. 23, as modified by l. 30/12/2020, which suspends, with regards to limited liabilitiy companies, the operation of both the compulsory reduction of the capital due to losses, and the cause for dissolution pursuant to art. 2484, par. 1, n. 4 of the Italian Civil Code, for the COVID-19 emergency. In particular, the notion of "losses that emerged" in the reference financial year is analysed, concluding that it should be obtained by taking into account all the losses recognized in the financial statements, including those carried forward from previous years (if this happened legitimately), net of any reserves capable of absorbing them. This takes into account the intent of the legislator (clearly revealed with the first version of art. 6 in question) to consider not only the needs of companies that are dealing with completely unpredictable losses due to the outbreak of the pandemic, but also of those struggling with difficulties in raising capital, due to the peculiar situation of the markets. Furthermore, the proposed solution allows to calculate, for companies having financial years not coinciding with the calendar year, also the losses produced during the first months of 2020, in particular during the first lockdown, characterized by the production of high and completely unexpected losses. The losses referred to in art. 6 d.l. 23/2020 are not calculated solely for the purposes of the optional postponement of the recapitalization obligations, while they will be taken into account in all other circumstances in which the actual amount of equity is relevant. Ultimately, the legislator introduces a more favourable discipline for companies, granting - to the companies that decide to make use of this possibility, in light of the overall balance sheet and financial situation - a longer period of time to proceed with the obligations due in the event of a significant loss of capital, but does not generally affect the system of share capital.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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