Why multi-stakeholder practices don’t work: looking beyond the extent and diversity of actors for co-producing collective action; a case study from an inner area in Italy

The paper discusses how to improve multi-stakeholder practices within an intentional multi-stakeholder Italian territorial cohesion policy (the National Strategy of Inner Areas). The research used a qualitative approach for investigating and analyzing the case of "Alta Tuscia-Antica città di Castro'' Inner Area, in the Lazio Region. Through a theoretical framework that combines the co-production perspective in territorial planning with the concept of collective capabilities, the contribution outlines recommendations for improving multi-stakeholder practices. In particular, the theoretical, on the field and desk research regarding this case study suggests shifting from the current juxtaposition in practices of institutional and non-institutional stakeholders to a co-production perspective that strengthen the capabilities of territories into a collective action.