Long-time correlations for a hard-sphere gas at equilibrium

It has been known since Lanford [22] that the dynamics of a hard-sphere gas is described in the low density limit by the Boltzmann equation, at least for short times. The classical strategy of proof fails for longer times, even close to equilibrium. In this paper, we introduce a weak convergence method coupled with a sampling argument to prove that the covariance of the fluctuation field around equilibrium is governed by the linearized Boltzmann equation globally in time (including in diffusive regimes). This method is much more robust and simpler than the one devised in [4] which was specific to the 2D case.