Construction productivity graph: a comprehensive methodology based on BIM and AI techniques to enhance productivity and safety on construction sites

The construction sector is characterised by distinctive issues such as product uniqueness, the reluctance to innovations introduction, players fragmentation leading to a low productivity level and a related high level of risk intended as the high likelihood of damages and injuries, and the consequences on construction productivity. The common EU regulatory framework provides a severe regulation about on-site working activities, but there is still no standard about the environmental and social sustainability of construction sites. Productivity assumes a crucial role to reduce the environmental impact of construction and positively influences the workers' safety due to higher levels of organisation, reducing time, costs, resource consumption and wasted time. To this aim, the paper presents a methodology achieved augmenting BIM systems capabilities using Agent-Based Simulation techniques - ABS to simulate and optimise the onsite work. The augmented BIM model allows to analyse site conditions in terms of space utilisation and resource allocation, as resulting in the Construction Productivity Graph - CPG. This graphic representation synthesises the results obtained, making it possible to visualise the work progression in different working areas with the resources employed allowing to manage productivity rates and verify the work safety conditions.