The use of MRI in urothelial carcinoma

Purpose of review: To conduct a nonsystematic review of the existing literature to investigate the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in urothelial carcinomas (UCs). Recent findings: Imaging is becoming progressively more crucial in local and distant staging of UCs, especially in cases of bladder cancer (BCa). The primary objective of imaging in patients with BCa is to detect lesions and distinguish T1 from T2 stages, since the treatment varies significantly. Summary: The applicability of MRI in the management of UCs has been investigated, particularly focusing on the new evidence on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) of the bladder and Vesical Imaging-Reporting And Data System score for the description of BCa and discussing the possible utility of MRI for upper tract urothelial carcinomas . Imaging modalities, in particular CT and MRI, are essential tools for the local and distant staging of UCs. MpMRI of the bladder and VI-RADS score accurately define the risk of muscle invasiveness, promoting tailored therapeutic planning. Moreover, mpMRI has also been included in patients' follow-up and in the assessment of response to systematic therapy. MRI utility and possible application in upper tract urothelial carcinomas cases are yet to be discovered.