The Great Church of Constantinople (Ecclesia Magna/Megal Ekklesia) was first built in 350-360 by emperor Constantius II. The building, probably a basilica, was doomed to be shortlived: in June 404 it was destroyed by arson. The rebuilding lasted more than a decade and the new church was consecrated by emperor Theodosius II only as late as 10 October 415. By means of the reconstruction of the Great Church, the Theodosian dynasty and the local clergy intended to put forth a strong measure of religious propaganda. This notwithstanding, their patronage is scarcely mentioned by the few available early Byzantine sources. Apart from the irremediable loss of documentation, there is another reason behind this silence: the Theodosian church was too destroyed by fire in January 532 during the «Nika» revolt and it was replaced by the still-standing church of the Divine Wisdom, built by Justinian. The latter building, because of its architectural uniqueness, literally condemned the pre-existing church(es) to final oblivion. This article will focus on the second – Theodosian – phase of the Great Church. According to the more reliable hypotheses, it was a five-aisles basilica of considerable size. An attempt will be made to give as clear a picture as possible of the historical context in which it was built. In addition, the available documentation (textual sources and archaeological evidence) will be discussed. A further aim is to better understand what procedures were followed to set up a building of such importance and whether there were any models to follow at the time.
La chiesa episcopale di Costantinopoli (Ecclesia Magna/Megal Ekklesia) viene consacrata nel 360 per volere dell’imperatore Costanzo II. L’edificio, di impianto probabilmente basilicale fin dall’origine, avrà vita breve: nel giugno 404 viene infatti distrutto da un incendio doloso. Il cantiere della ricostruzione durerà più di un decennio e la nuova chiesa verrà consacrata il 10 ottobre 415 da Teodosio II. La dinastia teodosiana intraprende in questa circostanza una potente azione di propaganda religiosa, testimoniata però solo molto laconicamente dalle fonti coeve. Distrutta nuovamente nel gennaio 532 durante la rivolta «Nika», al suo posto sorgerà la chiesa della Sapienza divina di Giustiniano, la quale, a causa della sua unicità architettonica, condannerà all’oblio definitivo le due fasi preesistenti. Questo articolo intende approfondire la seconda fase della Grande Chiesa, quella teodosiana. Si trattava, probabilmente, di una basilica di notevole grandezza, forse a cinque navate. Si cercherà di delineare un quadro più chiaro possibile del contesto storico in cui essa vide la luce. In più, verrà discussa la documentazione disponibile (fonti testuali ed evidenza archeologica). L’obiettivo è quello di capire meglio quali procedure furono seguite per mettere in piedi un cantiere di questa rilevanza e se all’epoca vi fossero dei modelli cui ispirarsi.
La ricostruzione teodosiana della Grande Chiesa di Costantinopoli (ca. 404-415). Frammenti di un mosaico documentario / Taddei, Alessandro. - In: ARTE MEDIEVALE. - ISSN 0393-7267. - anno XII:IV serie(2022), pp. 9-28.
La ricostruzione teodosiana della Grande Chiesa di Costantinopoli (ca. 404-415). Frammenti di un mosaico documentario
Taddei, Alessandro
2022
Abstract
The Great Church of Constantinople (Ecclesia Magna/Megal Ekklesia) was first built in 350-360 by emperor Constantius II. The building, probably a basilica, was doomed to be shortlived: in June 404 it was destroyed by arson. The rebuilding lasted more than a decade and the new church was consecrated by emperor Theodosius II only as late as 10 October 415. By means of the reconstruction of the Great Church, the Theodosian dynasty and the local clergy intended to put forth a strong measure of religious propaganda. This notwithstanding, their patronage is scarcely mentioned by the few available early Byzantine sources. Apart from the irremediable loss of documentation, there is another reason behind this silence: the Theodosian church was too destroyed by fire in January 532 during the «Nika» revolt and it was replaced by the still-standing church of the Divine Wisdom, built by Justinian. The latter building, because of its architectural uniqueness, literally condemned the pre-existing church(es) to final oblivion. This article will focus on the second – Theodosian – phase of the Great Church. According to the more reliable hypotheses, it was a five-aisles basilica of considerable size. An attempt will be made to give as clear a picture as possible of the historical context in which it was built. In addition, the available documentation (textual sources and archaeological evidence) will be discussed. A further aim is to better understand what procedures were followed to set up a building of such importance and whether there were any models to follow at the time.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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