In-hospital and 6-month outcomes in patients with COVID-19 supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (EuroECMO-COVID): a multicentre, prospective observational study

Lorusso, Roberto; De Piero, Maria Elena; Mariani, Silvia; Di Mauro, Michele; Folliguet, Thierry; Taccone, Fabio Silvio; Camporota, Luigi; Swol, Justyna; Wiedemann, Dominik; Belliato, Mirko; Broman, Lars Mikael; Vuylsteke, Alain; Kassif, Yigal; Scandroglio, Anna Mara; Fanelli, Vito; Gaudard, Philippe; Ledot, Stephane; Barker, Julian; Boeken, Udo; Maier, Sven; Kersten, Alexander; Meyns, Bart; Pozzi, Matteo; Pedersen, Finn M; Schellongowski, Peter; Kirali, Kaan; Barrett, Nicholas; Riera, Jordi; Mueller, Thomas; Belohlavek; Jan Valeria Lo Coco; Iwan C C Van der Horst; Bas C T Van Bussel; Ronny M Schnabel; Thijs Delnoij; Gil Bolotin; Luca Lorini; Martin O Schmiady; David Schibilsky; Mariusz Kowalewski; Luis F Pinto; Pedro E Silva; Igor Kornilov; Aaron Blandino Ortiz; Leen Vercaemst; Simon Finney; Peter P Roeleveld; Matteo Di Nardo; Felix Hennig; Marta Velia Antonini; Mark Davidson; Tim J Jones; Thomas Staudinger; Peter Mair; Juliane Kilo; Christoph Krapf; Kathrin Erbert; Andreas Peer; Nikolaos Bonaros; Florian Kotheletner; Niklas Krenner Mag; Liana Shestakova; Greet Hermans; Dieter Dauwe; Philippe Meersseman; Bernard Stockman; Leda Nobile; Olivier Lhereux; Alexandre Nrasseurs; Jacques Creuter; Daniel De Backer; Simone Giglioli; Gregoire Michiels; Pierre Foulon; Matthias Raes; Inez Rodrigus; Matthias Allegaert; Philippe Jorens; Gerd Debeucklare; Michael Piagnarelli; Patrick Biston; Harlinde Peperstraete; Komeel Vandewiele; Olivier Germay; Dimitri Vandeweghe; Sven Havrin; Marc Bourgeois; Marc-Gilbert Lagny; Genette Alois; Nathalie Lavios; Benoit Misset; Romain Courcelle; Philippe J Timmermans; Alaaddin Yilmaz; Michiel Vantomout; Jerone Lehaen; Ame Jassen; Herbert Guterman; Maarten Strauven; Piet Lormans; Bruno Verhamme; Catherine Vandewaeter; Frederik Bonte; Dominique Vionne; Martin Balik; Jan Blàha; Michal Lips; Michal Othal; Filip Bursa; Radim Spacek; Steffen Christensen; Vibeke Jorgensen; Marc Sorensen; Soren A Madsen; Severin Puss; Aleksandr Beljantsev; Gabriel Saiydoun; Antonio Fiore; Pascal Colson; Florian Bazalgette; Xavier Capdevila; Sebastien Kollen; Laurent Muller; Jean-Francois Obadia; Pierre-Yves Dubien; Lucrezia Ajrhourh; Pierre G Guinot; Jonathan Zarka; Patricia Besserve; Maximilian V Malfertheiner; Esther Dreier; Birgit Heinze; Payam Akhyari; Artur Lichtenberg; Hug Aubin; Alexander Assman; Diyar Saeed; Holger Thiele; Matthias Baumgaertel; Jan D Schmitto; Natanov Ruslan; Axel Haverich; Matthias Thielmann; Thorsten Brenner; Arjang Ruhpawar; Christoph Benk; Martin Czerny; Dawid L Staudacher; Fridhelm Beyersdorf; Johannes Kalbhenn; Philipp Henn; Aron-Frederik Popov; Torje Iuliu; Ralf Muellenbach; Christian Reyher; Caroline Rolfes; Gosta Lotz; Michael Sonntagbauer; Helen Winkels; Julia Fichte; Robert Stohr; Sebastian Kalverkamp; Christian Karagiannidis; Simone Schafer; Alexei Svetlitchny; Julia Fichte; Hans-Bernd Hopf; Dominik Jarczak; Heinirich Groesdonk; Magdalena Rommer; Jan Hirsch; Christian Kaehny; Dimitros Soufleris; Georgios Gavriilidis; Kostantinos Pontikis; Magdalini Kyriakopoulou; Anna Kyriakoudi; Serena O'Brien; Ian Conrick-Martin; Edmund Carton; Maged Makhoul; Josef Ben-Ari; Amir Hadash; Alexander Kogan; Reut Kassif Lerner; Anas Abu-Shakra; Moshe Matan; Ahmad Balawona; Erez Kachel; Roman Altshuler; Ori Galante; Lior Fuchs; Yaniv Almog; Yaron S Ishay; Yael Lichter; Amir Gal-Oz; Uri Carmi; Asaph Nini; Arie Soroksky; Hagi Dekel; Ziv Rozman; Emad Tayem; Eduard Ilgiyaev; Yuval Hochman; Daniel Miltau; Avigal Rapoport; Arieh Eden; Dmitry Kompanietz; Michael Yousif; Miri Golos; Lorenzo Grazioli; Davide Ghitti; Antonio Loforte; Daniela Di Luca; Massimo Baiocchi; Davide Pacini; Antioco Cappai; Paolo Meani; Michele Mondino; Claudio F Russo; Marco Ranucci; Dario Fina; Marco Cotza; Andrea Ballotta; Giovanni Landoni; Pasquale Nardelli; Eygeny V Fominski; Luca Brazzi; Giorgia Montrucchio; Gabriele Sales; Umberto Simonetti; Sergio Livigni; Daniela Silengo; Giulia Arena; Stefania S Sovatzis; Antonella Degani; Mariachiara Riccardi; Elisa Milanesi; Giuseppe Raffa; Gennaro Martucci; Antonio Arcadipane; Giovanna Panarello; Giovanni Chiarini; Sergio Cattaneo; Carmine Puglia; Stefano Benussi; Giuseppe Foti; Marco Giani; Michela Bombino; Maria Cristina Costa; Roberto Rona; Leonello Avalli; Abele Donati; Roberto Carozza; Francesco Gasparri; Andrea Carsetti; Marco Picichè; Anna Marinello; Vinicio Danzi; Anita Zanin; Ignazio Condello; Flavio Fiore; Marco Moscarelli; Giuseppe Nasso; Giuseppe Speziale; Luca Sandrelli; Andrea Montalto; Francesco Musumeci; Alessandro Circelli; Emanuele Russo; Vanni Agnoletti; Ruggero Rociola; Aldo D Milano; Emanuele Pilato; Giuseppe Comentale; Andrea Montisci; Francesco Alessandri; Antonella Tosi; Francesco Pugliese; Giovanni Giordano; Simone Carelli; Domenico L Grieco; Antonio M Dell'Anna; Massimo Antonelli; Enrico Ramoni; Josè Zulueta; Mauro Del Giglio; Sebastiano Petracca; Pietro Bertini; Fabio Guarracino; Luigi De Simone; Paolo M Angeletti; Francesco Forfori; Francesco Taraschi; Veronica N Quintiliani; Robertas Samalavicius; Agne Jankuviene; Nadezda Scupakova; Karolis Urbonas; Juozas Kapturauskas; Gro Soerensen; Piotr Suwalski; Luis Linhares Santos; Ana Marques; Marisa Miranda; Sonia Teixeira; Andrea Salgueiro; Filipe Pereira; Michail Ketskalo; Sergey Tsarenko; Alexandra Shilova; Ivan Afukov; Konstantin Popugaev; Sergei Minin; Daniil Shelukhin; Olga Malceva; Moroz Gleb; Alexander Skopets; Roman Kornelyuk; Alexandr Kulikov; Vadim Okhrimchuk; Alexandr Turchaninov; Daniil Shelukhin; Maxim Petrushin; Anastasia Sheck; Akhmed Mekulov; Svetlana Ciryateva; Dmitry Urusov; Vojka Gorjup; Alenka Golicnik; Tomaz Goslar; Ricard Ferrer; Maria Martinez-Martinez; Eduard Argudo; Neiser Palmer; Raul De Pablo Sanchez; Lucas Juan Higuera; Lucas Arnau Blasco; Josè A Marquez; Fabrizio Sbraga; Mari Paz Fuset; Pablo Ruiz De Gopegui; Luis M Claraco; Josè A De Ayala; Maranta Peiro; Pilar Ricart; Sergio Martinez; Fernando Chavez; Marc Fabra; Elena Sandoval; David Toapanta; Albert Carraminana; Adrian Tellez; Jeysson Ososio; Pablo Milan; Jorge Rodriguez; Garcia Andoni; Carola Gutierrez; Enrique Perez de la Sota; Andrea Eixeres-Esteve; Maria Teresa Garcia-Maellas; Judit Gutierrez-Gutierrez; Rafael Arboleda-Salazar; Patricia Santa Teresa; Alexis Jaspe; Alberto Garrido; Galo Castaneda; Sara Alcantara; Nuria Martinez; Marina Perez; Hector Villanueva; Anxela Vidal Gonzalez; Juan Paez; Arnoldo Santon; Cesar Perez; Marta Lopez; Maria Isabel Rubio Lopez; Antonio Gordillo; Jose Naranjo-Izurieta; Javier Munoz; Immaculada Alcalde; Fernando Onieva; Ricardo Gimeno Costa; Francisco Perez; Isabel Madrid; Monica Gordon; Carlos L Albacete Moreno; Daniel Perez; Nayara Lopez; Domingo Martinenz; Pablo Blanco-Schweizer; Cristina Diez; David Perez; Ana Prieto; Gloria Renedo; Elena Bustamante; Ramon Cicuendez; Rafael Citores; Victoria Boado; Katherine Garcia; Roberto Voces; Monica Domezain; Jose Maria Nunez Martinez; Raimundo Vicente; David Martin; Antonio Andreu; Vanesa Gomez Casal; Ignacio Chico; Eva Maria Menor; Sabela Vara; Jose Gamacho; Helen Perez-Chomon; Francisco Javier Gonzales; Irene Barrero; Luis Martin-Villen; Esperanza Fernandez; Maria Mendoza; Joaquin Navarro; Joaquin Colomina Climent; Alfredo Gonzales-Perez; Guillermo Muniz-Albaceita; Laura Amado; Raquel Rodriguez; Emilio Ruiz; Maria Eiras; Edgars Grins; Rosen Magnus; Mikael Kanetoft; Marcus Eidevald; Pia Watson; Paul R Vogt; Peter Steiger; Tobias Aigner; Alberto Weber; Jurg Grunefelder; Martin Kunz; Martin Grapow; Thierry Aymard; Diana Reser; Gianluca Agus; Jolanda Consiglio; Matthias Haenggi; Jenni Hansjoerg; Manuela Iten; Thomas Doeble; Urs Zenklusen; Xavier Bechtold; Giovanni Faedda; Manuel Iafrate; Amanda Rohjer; Layla Bergamaschi; Jos Maessen; Dinis Reis Miranda; H Endeman; D Gommers; C Meuwese; Jacinta Maas; M J Van Gijlswijk; R N Van Berg; Dario Candura; Marcel Van der Linden; Merijin Kant; J J Van der Heijden; Eric Scholten; Nicole Van Belle-van Haren; W K Lagrand; Alexander P Vlaar; Syste De Jong; Basar Cander; Murat Sargin; Murat Ugur; Mehmet A Kaygin; Kathleen Daly; Nicola Agnew; Laura Head; Laura Kelly; Gunawardena Anoma; Clare Russell; Verna Aquino; Ian Scott; Lucy Flemming; Stuart Gillon; Olivia Moore; Elton Gelandt; George Auzinger; Sameer Patel; Robert Loveridge

doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00403-9

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been widely used in patients with COVID-19, but uncertainty remains about the determinants of in-hospital mortality and data on post-discharge outcomes are scarce. The aims of this study were to investigate the variables associated with in-hospital outcomes in patients who received ECMO during the first wave of COVID-19 and to describe the status of patients 6 months after ECMO initiation.

In-hospital and 6-month outcomes in patients with COVID-19 supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (EuroECMO-COVID): a multicentre, prospective observational study / Roberto, Lorusso; Maria Elena, De Piero; Silvia, Mariani; Michele, Di Mauro; Thierry, Folliguet; Fabio Silvio, Taccone; Luigi, Camporota; Justyna, Swol; Dominik, Wiedemann; Mirko, Belliato; Lars Mikael, Broman; Alain, Vuylsteke; Yigal, Kassif; Anna Mara, Scandroglio; Vito, Fanelli; Philippe, Gaudard; Stephane, Ledot; Julian, Barker; Udo, Boeken; Sven, Maier; Alexander, Kersten; Bart, Meyns; Matteo, Pozzi; Finn M, Pedersen; Peter, Schellongowski; Kaan, Kirali; Nicholas, Barrett; Jordi, Riera; Thomas, Mueller; Belohlavek, ; Valeria Lo Coco, Jan; C Van der Horst, Iwan C; T Van Bussel, Bas C; M Schnabel, Ronny; Delnoij, Thijs; Bolotin, Gil; Lorini, Luca; O Schmiady, Martin; Schibilsky, David; Kowalewski, Mariusz; F Pinto, Luis; E Silva, Pedro; Kornilov, Igor; Blandino Ortiz, Aaron; Vercaemst, Leen; Finney, Simon; P Roeleveld, Peter; Di Nardo, Matteo; Hennig, Felix; Velia Antonini, Marta; Davidson, Mark; J Jones, Tim; Staudinger, Thomas; Mair, Peter; Kilo, Juliane; Krapf, Christoph; Erbert, Kathrin; Peer, Andreas; Bonaros, Nikolaos; Kotheletner, Florian; Krenner Mag, Niklas; Shestakova, Liana; Hermans, Greet; Dauwe, Dieter; Meersseman, Philippe; Stockman, Bernard; Nobile, Leda; Lhereux, Olivier; Nrasseurs, Alexandre; Creuter, Jacques; De Backer, Daniel; Giglioli, Simone; Michiels, Gregoire; Foulon, Pierre; Raes, Matthias; Rodrigus, Inez; Allegaert, Matthias; Jorens, Philippe; Debeucklare, Gerd; Piagnarelli, Michael; Biston, Patrick; Peperstraete, Harlinde; Vandewiele, Komeel; Germay, Olivier; Vandeweghe, Dimitri; Havrin, Sven; Bourgeois, Marc; Lagny, Marc-Gilbert; Alois, Genette; Lavios, Nathalie; Misset, Benoit; Courcelle, Romain; J Timmermans, Philippe; Yilmaz, Alaaddin; Vantomout, Michiel; Lehaen, Jerone; Jassen, Ame; Guterman, Herbert; Strauven, Maarten; Lormans, Piet; Verhamme, Bruno; Vandewaeter, Catherine; Bonte, Frederik; Vionne, Dominique; Balik, Martin; Blàha, Jan; Lips, Michal; Othal, Michal; Bursa, Filip; Spacek, Radim; Christensen, Steffen; Jorgensen, Vibeke; Sorensen, Marc; A Madsen, Soren; Puss, Severin; Beljantsev, Aleksandr; Saiydoun, Gabriel; Fiore, Antonio; Colson, Pascal; Bazalgette, Florian; Capdevila, Xavier; Kollen, Sebastien; Muller, Laurent; Obadia, Jean-Francois; Dubien, Pierre-Yves; Ajrhourh, Lucrezia; G Guinot, Pierre; Zarka, Jonathan; Besserve, Patricia; V Malfertheiner, Maximilian; Dreier, Esther; Heinze, Birgit; Akhyari, Payam; Lichtenberg, Artur; Aubin, Hug; Assman, Alexander; Saeed, Diyar; Thiele, Holger; Baumgaertel, Matthias; D Schmitto, Jan; Ruslan, Natanov; Haverich, Axel; Thielmann, Matthias; Brenner, Thorsten; Ruhpawar, Arjang; Benk, Christoph; Czerny, Martin; L Staudacher, Dawid; Beyersdorf, Fridhelm; Kalbhenn, Johannes; Henn, Philipp; Popov, Aron-Frederik; Iuliu, Torje; Muellenbach, Ralf; Reyher, Christian; Rolfes, Caroline; Lotz, Gosta; Sonntagbauer, Michael; Winkels, Helen; Fichte, Julia; Stohr, Robert; Kalverkamp, Sebastian; Karagiannidis, Christian; Schafer, Simone; Svetlitchny, Alexei; Fichte, Julia; Hopf, Hans-Bernd; Jarczak, Dominik; Groesdonk, Heinirich; Rommer, Magdalena; Hirsch, Jan; Kaehny, Christian; Soufleris, Dimitros; Gavriilidis, Georgios; Pontikis, Kostantinos; Kyriakopoulou, Magdalini; Kyriakoudi, Anna; O'Brien, Serena; Conrick-Martin, Ian; Carton, Edmund; Makhoul, Maged; Ben-Ari, Josef; Hadash, Amir; Kogan, Alexander; Kassif Lerner, Reut; Abu-Shakra, Anas; Matan, Moshe; Balawona, Ahmad; Kachel, Erez; Altshuler, Roman; Galante, Ori; Fuchs, Lior; Almog, Yaniv; S Ishay, Yaron; Lichter, Yael; Gal-Oz, Amir; Carmi, Uri; Nini, Asaph; Soroksky, Arie; Dekel, Hagi; Rozman, Ziv; Tayem, Emad; Ilgiyaev, Eduard; Hochman, Yuval; Miltau, Daniel; Rapoport, Avigal; Eden, Arieh; Kompanietz, Dmitry; Yousif, Michael; Golos, Miri; Grazioli, Lorenzo; Ghitti, Davide; Loforte, Antonio; Di Luca, Daniela; Baiocchi, Massimo; Pacini, Davide; Cappai, Antioco; Meani, Paolo; Mondino, Michele; F Russo, Claudio; Ranucci, Marco; Fina, Dario; Cotza, Marco; Ballotta, Andrea; Landoni, Giovanni; Nardelli, Pasquale; V Fominski, Eygeny; Brazzi, Luca; Montrucchio, Giorgia; Sales, Gabriele; Simonetti, Umberto; Livigni, Sergio; Silengo, Daniela; Arena, Giulia; S Sovatzis, Stefania; Degani, Antonella; Riccardi, Mariachiara; Milanesi, Elisa; Raffa, Giuseppe; Martucci, Gennaro; Arcadipane, Antonio; Panarello, Giovanna; Chiarini, Giovanni; Cattaneo, Sergio; Puglia, Carmine; Benussi, Stefano; Foti, Giuseppe; Giani, Marco; Bombino, Michela; Cristina Costa, Maria; Rona, Roberto; Avalli, Leonello; Donati, Abele; Carozza, Roberto; Gasparri, Francesco; Carsetti, Andrea; Picichè, Marco; Marinello, Anna; Danzi, Vinicio; Zanin, Anita; Condello, Ignazio; Fiore, Flavio; Moscarelli, Marco; Nasso, Giuseppe; Speziale, Giuseppe; Sandrelli, Luca; Montalto, Andrea; Musumeci, Francesco; Circelli, Alessandro; Russo, Emanuele; Agnoletti, Vanni; Rociola, Ruggero; D Milano, Aldo; Pilato, Emanuele; Comentale, Giuseppe; Montisci, Andrea; Alessandri, Francesco; Tosi, Antonella; Pugliese, Francesco; Giordano, Giovanni; Carelli, Simone; L Grieco, Domenico; M Dell'Anna, Antonio; Antonelli, Massimo; Ramoni, Enrico; Zulueta, Josè; Del Giglio, Mauro; Petracca, Sebastiano; Bertini, Pietro; Guarracino, Fabio; De Simone, Luigi; M Angeletti, Paolo; Forfori, Francesco; Taraschi, Francesco; N Quintiliani, Veronica; Samalavicius, Robertas; Jankuviene, Agne; Scupakova, Nadezda; Urbonas, Karolis; Kapturauskas, Juozas; Soerensen, Gro; Suwalski, Piotr; Linhares Santos, Luis; Marques, Ana; Miranda, Marisa; Teixeira, Sonia; Salgueiro, Andrea; Pereira, Filipe; Ketskalo, Michail; Tsarenko, Sergey; Shilova, Alexandra; Afukov, Ivan; Popugaev, Konstantin; Minin, Sergei; Shelukhin, Daniil; Malceva, Olga; Gleb, Moroz; Skopets, Alexander; Kornelyuk, Roman; Kulikov, Alexandr; Okhrimchuk, Vadim; Turchaninov, Alexandr; Shelukhin, Daniil; Petrushin, Maxim; Sheck, Anastasia; Mekulov, Akhmed; Ciryateva, Svetlana; Urusov, Dmitry; Gorjup, Vojka; Golicnik, Alenka; Goslar, Tomaz; Ferrer, Ricard; Martinez-Martinez, Maria; Argudo, Eduard; Palmer, Neiser; De Pablo Sanchez, Raul; Juan Higuera, Lucas; Arnau Blasco, Lucas; A Marquez, Josè; Sbraga, Fabrizio; Paz Fuset, Mari; Ruiz De Gopegui, Pablo; M Claraco, Luis; A De Ayala, Josè; Peiro, Maranta; Ricart, Pilar; Martinez, Sergio; Chavez, Fernando; Fabra, Marc; Sandoval, Elena; Toapanta, David; Carraminana, Albert; Tellez, Adrian; Ososio, Jeysson; Milan, Pablo; Rodriguez, Jorge; Andoni, Garcia; Gutierrez, Carola; Perez de la Sota, Enrique; Eixeres-Esteve, Andrea; Teresa Garcia-Maellas, Maria; Gutierrez-Gutierrez, Judit; Arboleda-Salazar, Rafael; Santa Teresa, Patricia; Jaspe, Alexis; Garrido, Alberto; Castaneda, Galo; Alcantara, Sara; Martinez, Nuria; Perez, Marina; Villanueva, Hector; Vidal Gonzalez, Anxela; Paez, Juan; Santon, Arnoldo; Perez, Cesar; Lopez, Marta; Isabel Rubio Lopez, Maria; Gordillo, Antonio; Naranjo-Izurieta, Jose; Munoz, Javier; Alcalde, Immaculada; Onieva, Fernando; Gimeno Costa, Ricardo; Perez, Francisco; Madrid, Isabel; Gordon, Monica; L Albacete Moreno, Carlos; Perez, Daniel; Lopez, Nayara; Martinenz, Domingo; Blanco-Schweizer, Pablo; Diez, Cristina; Perez, David; Prieto, Ana; Renedo, Gloria; Bustamante, Elena; Cicuendez, Ramon; Citores, Rafael; Boado, Victoria; Garcia, Katherine; Voces, Roberto; Domezain, Monica; Maria Nunez Martinez, Jose; Vicente, Raimundo; Martin, David; Andreu, Antonio; Gomez Casal, Vanesa; Chico, Ignacio; Maria Menor, Eva; Vara, Sabela; Gamacho, Jose; Perez-Chomon, Helen; Javier Gonzales, Francisco; Barrero, Irene; Martin-Villen, Luis; Fernandez, Esperanza; Mendoza, Maria; Navarro, Joaquin; Colomina Climent, Joaquin; Gonzales-Perez, Alfredo; Muniz-Albaceita, Guillermo; Amado, Laura; Rodriguez, Raquel; Ruiz, Emilio; Eiras, Maria; Grins, Edgars; Magnus, Rosen; Kanetoft, Mikael; Eidevald, Marcus; Watson, Pia; R Vogt, Paul; Steiger, Peter; Aigner, Tobias; Weber, Alberto; Grunefelder, Jurg; Kunz, Martin; Grapow, Martin; Aymard, Thierry; Reser, Diana; Agus, Gianluca; Consiglio, Jolanda; Haenggi, Matthias; Hansjoerg, Jenni; Iten, Manuela; Doeble, Thomas; Zenklusen, Urs; Bechtold, Xavier; Faedda, Giovanni; Iafrate, Manuel; Rohjer, Amanda; Bergamaschi, Layla; Maessen, Jos; Reis Miranda, Dinis; Endeman, H; Gommers, D; Meuwese, C; Maas, Jacinta; J Van Gijlswijk, M; N Van Berg, R; Candura, Dario; Van der Linden, Marcel; Kant, Merijin; J Van der Heijden, J; Scholten, Eric; Van Belle-van Haren, Nicole; K Lagrand, W; P Vlaar, Alexander; De Jong, Syste; Cander, Basar; Sargin, Murat; Ugur, Murat; A Kaygin, Mehmet; Daly, Kathleen; Agnew, Nicola; Head, Laura; Kelly, Laura; Anoma, Gunawardena; Russell, Clare; Aquino, Verna; Scott, Ian; Flemming, Lucy; Gillon, Stuart; Moore, Olivia; Gelandt, Elton; Auzinger, George; Patel, Sameer; Loveridge, Robert. - In: THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE. - ISSN 2213-2619. - (2022). [10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00403-9]