Excisional haemorrhoidectomy: where are we?

Haemorrhoidal disease (HD) is defined as the symptomatic enlargement and/or distal displacement of anal cushions and is one of most frequent and ancient anorectal conditions. Bleeding, during or after defecation, is the most common symptom. The color of the blood is tipically bright red covering the outer surface of the stools. The severity of HD is based on the degree of the prolapse. There are several excisional surgery treatments. In this review we describe the most common techniques such as Milligan and Morgan, Parks, Ferguson and Whitehead technique. Despite significant improvements in conservative treatments, excisional haemorrhoidectomy techniques are the most effective treatment for III- and IV degree.