Virtual Reality (VR) is now a well-established technology which offers realistic and immersive virtual worlds to the user usually by means of Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs). Actually, these devices can also be backed by a cloud server which can host the game server or even directly render the virtual world, as in the well-known cloud gaming paradigm. However, due to the drastically low latencies that technology requires, it is more convenient, when possible, to use servers that are as close to the users as possible. As a consequence, implementing the game or the render server in the Fog Computing layer is a concrete possibility. A research investigation has been carried out by using the Meta Quest 2 device, which are the QoE trade-offs, in terms of graphic quality and network performance, both in the case in which the HMD performs the 3d rendering locally by using a sample game written with Unreal Engine and in the case in which the 3d rendering is done in the Fog by means of the nVidia CloudXR framework and Oculus Air Link. The results of the proposed experiments reveal that the remote rendering offers a stable frame rate against a higher quality image. Instead, local rendering sets the best possible graphics quality against the optimal frame rate. Additionally, the utilization of remote rendering to perform video compression in the case of decreasing the available bandwidth to adjust graphics quality and FPS has also been analyzed. The same does not hold for Motion-to-Photon latency, which increases with distance, reducing the general QoE.

Local and Remote Fog based Trade-offs for QOE in VR Applications by using CloudXR and Oculus Air Link / Maiorano, Gabriele; Mattia, Gabriele Proietti; Beraldi, Roberto. - (2022), pp. 95-101. (Intervento presentato al convegno 2022 International Conference on Edge Computing and Applications (ICECAA) tenutosi a Tamilnadu; India) [10.1109/ICECAA55415.2022.9936495].

Local and Remote Fog based Trade-offs for QOE in VR Applications by using CloudXR and Oculus Air Link

Mattia, Gabriele Proietti
;
Beraldi, Roberto
2022

Abstract

Virtual Reality (VR) is now a well-established technology which offers realistic and immersive virtual worlds to the user usually by means of Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs). Actually, these devices can also be backed by a cloud server which can host the game server or even directly render the virtual world, as in the well-known cloud gaming paradigm. However, due to the drastically low latencies that technology requires, it is more convenient, when possible, to use servers that are as close to the users as possible. As a consequence, implementing the game or the render server in the Fog Computing layer is a concrete possibility. A research investigation has been carried out by using the Meta Quest 2 device, which are the QoE trade-offs, in terms of graphic quality and network performance, both in the case in which the HMD performs the 3d rendering locally by using a sample game written with Unreal Engine and in the case in which the 3d rendering is done in the Fog by means of the nVidia CloudXR framework and Oculus Air Link. The results of the proposed experiments reveal that the remote rendering offers a stable frame rate against a higher quality image. Instead, local rendering sets the best possible graphics quality against the optimal frame rate. Additionally, the utilization of remote rendering to perform video compression in the case of decreasing the available bandwidth to adjust graphics quality and FPS has also been analyzed. The same does not hold for Motion-to-Photon latency, which increases with distance, reducing the general QoE.
2022
2022 International Conference on Edge Computing and Applications (ICECAA)
virtual reality; unreal engine; qoe, cloudxr; fog computing
04 Pubblicazione in atti di convegno::04b Atto di convegno in volume
Local and Remote Fog based Trade-offs for QOE in VR Applications by using CloudXR and Oculus Air Link / Maiorano, Gabriele; Mattia, Gabriele Proietti; Beraldi, Roberto. - (2022), pp. 95-101. (Intervento presentato al convegno 2022 International Conference on Edge Computing and Applications (ICECAA) tenutosi a Tamilnadu; India) [10.1109/ICECAA55415.2022.9936495].
File allegati a questo prodotto
File Dimensione Formato  
Maiorano_Local_2022.pdf

solo gestori archivio

Tipologia: Versione editoriale (versione pubblicata con il layout dell'editore)
Licenza: Tutti i diritti riservati (All rights reserved)
Dimensione 3.2 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
3.2 MB Adobe PDF   Contatta l'autore
Maiorano_postprint_Local_2022.pdf

accesso aperto

Tipologia: Documento in Post-print (versione successiva alla peer review e accettata per la pubblicazione)
Licenza: Creative commons
Dimensione 2.55 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
2.55 MB Adobe PDF

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1659051
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 1
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? ND
social impact