Optimization of Aircraft Taxiing Strategies to Reduce the Impacts of Landing and Take-Off Cycle at Airports

The increasing attention of opinion towards climate change has prompted public authorities to provide plans for the containment of emissions to reduce the environmental impact of human activities. The transport sector is one of the main ones responsible for greenhouse emissions and is under investigation to counter its burdens. Therefore, it is essential to identify a strategy that allows for reducing the environmental impact produced by aircraft on the landing and take-off cycle and its operating costs. In this study, four different taxiing strategies are implemented in an existing Italian airport. The results show advantageous scenarios through single-engine taxiing, reduced taxi time through improved surface traffic management, and onboard systems. On the other hand, operating towing solutions with internal combustion cause excessive production of pollutants, especially HC, CO, NOX, and particulate matter. Finally, towing with an electrically powered external vehicle provides good results for pollutants and the maximum reduction in fuel consumption, but it implies externalities on taxiing time. Compared to the current conditions, the best solutions ensure significant reductions in pollutants throughout the landing and take-off cycle (−3.2% for NOx and −44.2% for HC) and economic savings (−13.4% of fuel consumption).