Kalke togfjalësore dhe sintaksore në gjuhën shqipe

The following study analyzes syntagmatic and syntactic calques in the Albanian language under the influence of Italian linguistic models. In view of the difference between linguistic loans and calques, both of which activate naturally within the mutual influence of languages in contact with one another, a brief presentation of these phenomena is illustrated in this research paper along with a comparison of the two. The study’s purpose is to highlight the reasons leading the Albanian speaker to shift from the ordinary phenomenon of a linguistic loan to a more complex one, namely the translation of foreign lexemes with the aid of native linguistic material, while preserving the structure and the semantic meaning of the foreign models. Overall the appearance of calques proves to be fruitful in Albanian and offers a wide range of new words that do not lack linguistic innovations not deriving from the foreign model, but from the history of the receiving native language. When dealing with linguistic influence among languages, the syntagmatic and syntactic calques, unlike other types of structural calques, represent the most neglected field. The press and television broadcasting are the media where these phenomena are commonly found, yet these words are not registered in explanatory dictionaries. Hence, they are not accepted by the literary norm. Nonetheless, the syntagmatic calques presented in this paper are becoming increasingly current in the Albanian language. Some of them can be found in the day-to-day life of Albanian speakers, whereas other syntactic calques are indeed sporadic. The examination of these lexemes demonstrates the peculiarities and the adequacy of these linguistic creations, and at the same time it intends to become a future account of their stability in the receiving language.