Biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli isolates from urine samples of "urinary tract infections (UTIs)" patients in "District Kohat, Pakistan"

Urinary tract infections are the most frequent bacterial infections both in nosocomial and community settings. E.coli is the prime causative agent of UTIs. Worldwide resistance in E.coliagainst commonly used antibiotics is a major threat to public health. So, there is a need to determine biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infection patients in district Kohat. Total 120 Positive mid-stream “urine samples” having “pus cells >10” were collected from patients in sterile urine containers. E.coli isolates were identified and confirmed by morphological and biochemical tests. Congo-red agar and Standard Kirby-Bauer methods were performed to find biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of all isolates respectively. Of 120 positive urine samples, “50 were detected asE.coli and out of which, 34 (68%) isolates formed biofilm. All isolates were 100% resistant to ampicillin, 68% to cefixime, 64% to ticarcilin, 48% to gentamicin, 8% to amikacin, piperacillin+tazobactum and meropenem, followed by 4% toimipenem and nitrofruantoin”. Fosfomycin showed 100% activity against all E.coli isolates. Fosfomycin was the most effective drug against all isolates, so this can be the optimal drug for treatments of UTIs in district Kohat. Moreover, proper susceptibility patterns tests should be performed before prescribing any antibiotics and defined approaches should be adopted to overcome biofilm-based antibiotics resistance to avoid treatment failure.