Gateway data encoding, packaging and compression method for heterogeneous IoT-satellite network

Reducing the cost of data transmission is actively pursued all over the world. A separate direction in this area is the study of possibilities to reduce the cost of transmission of messages via a satellite communication channel. However, studies of the possibility of reducing the cost of message transmission in heterogeneous networks using satellite communication channels in the context of an undeveloped terrestrial network infrastructure and a remote Internet of things have not yet been carried out. This paper reviews and analyzes protocols and technologies for transferring Internet of Things (IoT) data and presents an architecture for a hybrid IoT-satellite network, which includes a long range (LoRa) low power wide area network (LPWAN) terrestrial network for data collection and an Iridium satellite system for backhaul connectivity. Simulation modelling, together with a specialized experimental stand, allowed us to study the applicability of different methods of information presentation for the case of transmitting IoT data over low-speed satellite communication channels. We proposed a data encoding, compressing, and packaging scheme called GDEPC (Gateway Data Encoding, Packaging and Compressing). It is based on the combination of data format conversion at the connection points of a heterogeneous network, message compressing and packaging. GDEPC enabled the reduction of the number of utilized Short Burst Data (SBD) containers and the overall transmitted data size by almost fifteen times.