Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by the granulosa cells of the ovary with serum levels that grow until puberty, remain stable up to 30 years and then begin to decline until menopause. It is mainly produced by pre- and early antral follicles with an average diameter of 5-8 mm and it indirectly represents the ovarian reserve (OR). The purpose of this review is to identify what can currently be done with AMH, according to the most recent scientific evidence. AMH does not appear to be a marker for fertility as it does reflect the quantity but not the quality of follicles. It is not able to predict the spontaneous onset of pregnancy, nor the pregnancy rate in cycles of assisted reproduction technology (ART) but is a good predictor of ovarian response to hyperstimulation and it is useful in planning a couple’s fertility treatment even in the case of women undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy and ovarian surgery. It helps to identify women suffering from mild forms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and diagnose and manage menopause and premature ovarian failure (POF). Finally, AMH levels may be used in case of granulosa cells tumors, both for diagnosis and follow up after surgery.
L’ormone anti-Mülleriano (AMH) viene secreto dalle cellule della granulosa dell’ovaio ed i suoi livelli sierici aumentano fino alla pubertà, rimangono stabili fino a 30 anni e successivamente si riducono fino alla menopausa. Viene prodotto principalmente dai follicoli pre-antrali ed antrali con diametro medio di 5-8 mm e rappresenta indirettamente la riserva ovarica. Lo scopo di questa review è quello di far emergere l’utilità clinica dell’AMH in accordo con le più recenti evidenze scientifiche. Attualmente l’ormone non sembra un adeguato marker per la fertilità, poiché rappresenta solo la quantità e non la qualità dei follicoli. Non è in grado di predire l’insorgenza spontanea di gravidanza né il tasso di gravidanze nei cicli di riproduzione medicalmente assistita, ma è utile nel predire la risposta ovarica alla stimolazione e nel programmare i percorsi di assistenza alla coppia infertile, anche in caso di donne sottoposte a chemioterapia, radioterapia ed interventi chirurgici sull’ovaio. Inoltre, l’AMH è utile per diagnosticare forme lievi di sindrome dell’ovaio policistico (PCOS), individuare e gestire i casi di esaurimento ovarico prematuro e può aiutare nel predire l’insorgenza della menopausa. Infine, l’ormone può essere utilizzato nella diagnosi e nel follow-up post-chirurgico dei tumori delle cellule della granulosa.
Anti-Müllerian hormone: clinical implications in Gynecological Endocrinology. An update review / Vicomandi, V; Nacci, I; Piccione, E; Casadei, L. - In: ITALIAN JOURNAL OF GYNAECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS. - ISSN 2385-0868. - 32:(2020), pp. 20-33. [10.36129/jog.32.01.02]
Anti-Müllerian hormone: clinical implications in Gynecological Endocrinology. An update review
Nacci I;
2020
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by the granulosa cells of the ovary with serum levels that grow until puberty, remain stable up to 30 years and then begin to decline until menopause. It is mainly produced by pre- and early antral follicles with an average diameter of 5-8 mm and it indirectly represents the ovarian reserve (OR). The purpose of this review is to identify what can currently be done with AMH, according to the most recent scientific evidence. AMH does not appear to be a marker for fertility as it does reflect the quantity but not the quality of follicles. It is not able to predict the spontaneous onset of pregnancy, nor the pregnancy rate in cycles of assisted reproduction technology (ART) but is a good predictor of ovarian response to hyperstimulation and it is useful in planning a couple’s fertility treatment even in the case of women undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy and ovarian surgery. It helps to identify women suffering from mild forms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and diagnose and manage menopause and premature ovarian failure (POF). Finally, AMH levels may be used in case of granulosa cells tumors, both for diagnosis and follow up after surgery.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.