Classical and Unexpected Effects of Ultra-Micronized {PEA} in Neuromuscular Function

Recently, the endocannabinoid system has attracted growing attention from the scientific com-munity for its involvement in homeostatic and pathological processes, as it pertains to human physiology. Among the constituents of the endocannabinoid system, the molecule palmitoyl ethanolamide was particularly studied for its ability to reduce several inflammatory processes involving the central nervous system. Here, we reviewed published literature and summarized the main targets of the palmitoyl ethanolamide, along with the unique possible mechanisms for restoring correct functioning of the central nervous system. Moreover, we have highlighted a less known characteristic of palmitoyl ethanolamide, namely its ability to modulate the function of the neuromuscular junction by binding to acetylcholine receptors in different experimental condi-tions. Indeed, there are several studies that have highlighted how palmitoyl ethanolamide is an interesting nutraceutical support for the treatment of pathological neuromuscular conditions, specifically when the normal activity of the acetylcholine receptor is altered. Although further multicentric clinical trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of palmitoyl ethanolamide in im-proving symptoms of neuromuscular diseases, all the literature reviewed here, strongly supports the ability of this endocannabinoid-like molecule to modulate the acetylcholine receptors thus resulting a valid support for the treatment of human neuromuscular diseases.