Moringa oleifera: antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and related properties of extracts in cell lines: a review of medicinal effects, phytochemistry, and applications

Moringa oleifera (MO), or the common drumstick possesses antioxidant properties, and its pods, seeds, leaves, and bark have been used for the treatment of inflammatory and cancerous conditions. This systematic review attempts to synthesize original studies of MO extracts in cell lines to determine their specific antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and related effects. The literature was obtained from PubMed central, the Cochrane registry, and other sources including Google Scholar, and Embase. Studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected. Custom data collection forms were employed and two independent evaluators compiled the relevant information. Eighteen studies were selected after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. In most studies, MO leaves had more potent properties compared to other parts of the plant. Ethyl acetate and ethanolic extractions improved the potency of the extract. Effects were selective (different for normal cells and cancer cells) and dose-dependent. Anticancer and antioxidant activities were consistently reported, with effects exerted at the genetic and molecular levels. MO extracts potentially could be employed for therapeutic applications. The optimal sources, preparation protocols, and dosages have been researched, though further scrutiny is needed for a comprehensive formulation.