Affective dimension of political polarization. The role of empathy

Among the various aspects that concern a discussed phenomenon such as populism, more and more importance is given to emotions and to the analysis of its affective dimension. The starting point of the populist vision is to establish the distinction “us-them”, and consequently this creates polarization and antagonism. Polarization is a complex phenomenon characterized by a conflictual logic to which are usually associated negative feelings. Is it possible to reverse this logic and to employ different emotions that are able to counter it? What are the emotions that can help with that? Many scholars today speak about Empathy. This paper aims to investigate approaches about the functionality and the role played by empathy in populist dynamics, particularly in polarisation, comparing different visions between who considers empathy as an element able to counteract antagonism and polarization, and who considers the contrary. The methodological framework of the proposal employs a theoretical perspective that refers mostly to historical-philosophical elements, with particular attention to the aspects of social and political psychology.