Preface

A Digital Twin is the fusion of a real-world system and virtual representation designed to control, monitor, and optimize a project’s functionality. Digital Twin (DT) provides a promising way to alleviate the problem by bridging the physical space and virtual space. Th e building sector, with 40%, is the largest end-energy user. Information and communication technologies (ICT) have been identified to play an important role in reducing energy intensity and increasing the energy efficiency of the building stock. The building process is in rapid and considerable transformation given the entry of BIM (Building Information Modeling) which is greatly modifying its workflow. These transformations are in place both at the level of energy planning on the urban scale and at the level of the single housing unit. The concept of Smart Cities has dramatically changed reading and urban planning. The basic unit, the atom of this complex structure, is not the building but the single housing unit. If we move towards reading from the point of view of energy flows, we arrive at the “elementary particles” of individual environments.