Although there are several immunotherapy approaches for the treatment of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors under evaluation, currently none of these approaches have received approval from the regulatory agencies. CNS tumors, especially glioblastomas, are tumors characterized by highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, limiting the possibility of effectively eliciting an immune response. Moreover, the peculiar anatomic location of these tumors poses relevant challenges in terms of safety, since uncontrolled hyper inflammation could lead to cerebral edema and cranial hypertension. The most promising strategies of immunotherapy in neuro-oncology consist of the use of autologous T cells redirected against tumor cells through chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) constructs or genetically modified T-cell receptors. Trials based on native or genetically engineered oncolytic viruses and on vaccination with tumor-associated antigen peptides are also under evaluation. Despite some sporadic complete remissions achieved in clinical trials, the outcome of patients with CNS tumors treated with different immunotherapeutic approaches remains poor. Based on the lessons learned from these unsatisfactory experiences, novel immune-therapy approaches aimed at overcoming the profound immunosuppressive microenvironment of these diseases are bringing new hope to reach the cure for CNS tumors.

Innovative and Promising Strategies to Enhance Effectiveness of Immunotherapy for CNS Tumors: Where Are We? / Quintarelli, C.; Camera, A.; Ciccone, R.; Alessi, I.; Del Bufalo, F.; Carai, A.; Del Baldo, G.; Mastronuzzi, A.; De Angelis, B.. - In: FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY. - ISSN 1664-3224. - 12:(2021), p. 634031. [10.3389/fimmu.2021.634031]

Innovative and Promising Strategies to Enhance Effectiveness of Immunotherapy for CNS Tumors: Where Are We?

Alessi I.;Del Baldo G.;Mastronuzzi A.;
2021

Abstract

Although there are several immunotherapy approaches for the treatment of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors under evaluation, currently none of these approaches have received approval from the regulatory agencies. CNS tumors, especially glioblastomas, are tumors characterized by highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, limiting the possibility of effectively eliciting an immune response. Moreover, the peculiar anatomic location of these tumors poses relevant challenges in terms of safety, since uncontrolled hyper inflammation could lead to cerebral edema and cranial hypertension. The most promising strategies of immunotherapy in neuro-oncology consist of the use of autologous T cells redirected against tumor cells through chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) constructs or genetically modified T-cell receptors. Trials based on native or genetically engineered oncolytic viruses and on vaccination with tumor-associated antigen peptides are also under evaluation. Despite some sporadic complete remissions achieved in clinical trials, the outcome of patients with CNS tumors treated with different immunotherapeutic approaches remains poor. Based on the lessons learned from these unsatisfactory experiences, novel immune-therapy approaches aimed at overcoming the profound immunosuppressive microenvironment of these diseases are bringing new hope to reach the cure for CNS tumors.
2021
brain tumor; chimeric antigen receptor; CNS; immunocheck point inhibitors; immunotherapy; oncolytic virotherapy; T cell receptor; vaccination; Animals; Cancer Vaccines; Central Nervous System Neoplasms; Diffusion of Innovation; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Immunotherapy; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Medical Oncology; Oncolytic Virotherapy; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen; T-Lymphocytes; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Microenvironment
01 Pubblicazione su rivista::01a Articolo in rivista
Innovative and Promising Strategies to Enhance Effectiveness of Immunotherapy for CNS Tumors: Where Are We? / Quintarelli, C.; Camera, A.; Ciccone, R.; Alessi, I.; Del Bufalo, F.; Carai, A.; Del Baldo, G.; Mastronuzzi, A.; De Angelis, B.. - In: FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY. - ISSN 1664-3224. - 12:(2021), p. 634031. [10.3389/fimmu.2021.634031]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1607946
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