The article proposes to investigate the political and ideological uses of Hindi literary biography, with focus on two texts by Rāṅgey Rāghav, Loī kā tānā (“Loi’s Warp’’) and Ratnā kī bāt (“Ratna’s Speech”), based on lives of Kabir and Tulsīdās respectively. The relevance of Rāghav’s biographies goes beyond the merely literary and derives from the ideological and political functions played by these texts in the period they were written. Viewed by Rāghav as complementary works with a didactic and ideological value, they move away from the ‘brahmanical’ interpretations of the early modern Hindi poets by scholars of the 1920s and 1930s. To understand Rāghav’s motives and strategies, one needs to examine the ideological and political context in which he recast values linked to the main figures of the early modern devotional (bhakti) literature. As the 1950s witnessed debates on the status of Indian women and Dalit communities, the same becoming crucial to Hindi literary sphere, special attention needs to be paid to the representation, in Rāghav’s biographies, of Loī and Ratnā—Kabīr’s and Tulsīdās’ wives respectively—who embody some of the politically and ideologically progressive slogans which Rāghav projected on to these poets. The present work, based on recent studies on literary biography (Benton 2005, 2011, Middlebrook 2006, Miller 2001), is also an attempt to investigate some of the intellectual and ideological aporias which seem to have affected Hindi literary progressivism since the first decades of the postcolonial period.
Nello studio viene investigato il valore politico e ideologico di Loī kā tānā (''L'ordito di Loī'') e di Ratnā kī bāt (''Il discorso di Ratnā''), due biografie letterarie scritte da Rāṅgey Rāghav (1923-1962), uno dei principali alfieri della letteratura progressista hindi emersa a cavallo tra gli anni Quaranta e Cinquanta del XX secolo. Entrambe le biografie vengono pubblicate nel 1954, anno di cruciale importanza per i dibattiti relativi all'attuazione di una serie di misure, facenti parte del progetto legislativo chiamato Hindu Code Bill, che mirano a riformare in modo sostanziale lo status giuridico della donna indiana. Sulla base di questa premessa lo studio mira a individuare una serie di simboli di ordine politico e ideologico che lo scrittore, al fine di raccontare indirettamente le questioni del proprio tempo, proietta retrospettivamente sulla vita di Kabīr e Tulsīdās, due dei principali esponenti della letteratura devozionale (bhakti) del periodo early-modern. In particolare, lo studio prende in esame la centralità all'interno delle due biografie delle narrazioni 'progressiste' e ispirate all'ideologia marxista che riguardano Loī e Ratnā, consorti rispettivamente di Kabīr e Tulsīdās. Oltre a ciò, viene preliminarmente affrontato il tema della rappresentazione da parte di Rāghav delle istanze politiche e ideologiche dei Dalit.
Rāṅgey Rāghav’s literary biographies, Loī kā tānā and Ratnā kī bāt, in the 1950s and the debates on the status of Indian women and Dalits / Mangraviti, Fabio. - In: CRACOW INDOLOGICAL STUDIES. - ISSN 2449-8696. - XXIII:No. 2 (2021)(2021), pp. 59-89. [10.12797/CIS.23.2021.02.03]
Rāṅgey Rāghav’s literary biographies, Loī kā tānā and Ratnā kī bāt, in the 1950s and the debates on the status of Indian women and Dalits
Fabio Mangraviti
2021
Abstract
The article proposes to investigate the political and ideological uses of Hindi literary biography, with focus on two texts by Rāṅgey Rāghav, Loī kā tānā (“Loi’s Warp’’) and Ratnā kī bāt (“Ratna’s Speech”), based on lives of Kabir and Tulsīdās respectively. The relevance of Rāghav’s biographies goes beyond the merely literary and derives from the ideological and political functions played by these texts in the period they were written. Viewed by Rāghav as complementary works with a didactic and ideological value, they move away from the ‘brahmanical’ interpretations of the early modern Hindi poets by scholars of the 1920s and 1930s. To understand Rāghav’s motives and strategies, one needs to examine the ideological and political context in which he recast values linked to the main figures of the early modern devotional (bhakti) literature. As the 1950s witnessed debates on the status of Indian women and Dalit communities, the same becoming crucial to Hindi literary sphere, special attention needs to be paid to the representation, in Rāghav’s biographies, of Loī and Ratnā—Kabīr’s and Tulsīdās’ wives respectively—who embody some of the politically and ideologically progressive slogans which Rāghav projected on to these poets. The present work, based on recent studies on literary biography (Benton 2005, 2011, Middlebrook 2006, Miller 2001), is also an attempt to investigate some of the intellectual and ideological aporias which seem to have affected Hindi literary progressivism since the first decades of the postcolonial period.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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