Background: Day-case surgery is associated with significant patient and cost benefits. However, only 43% of cholecystectomy patients are discharged home the same day. One hypothesis is day-case cholecystectomy rates, defined as patients discharged the same day as their operation, may be improved by better assessment of patients using standard preoperative variables. Methods: Data were extracted from a prospectively collected data set of cholecystectomy patients from 166 UK and Irish hospitals (CholeS). Cholecystectomies performed as elective procedures were divided into main (75%) and validation (25%) data sets. Preoperative predictors were identified, and a risk score of failed day case was devised using multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to validate the score in the validation data set. Results: Of the 7426 elective cholecystectomies performed, 49% of these were discharged home the same day. Same-day discharge following cholecystectomy was less likely with older patients (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), higher ASA scores (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), complicated cholelithiasis (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.48), male gender (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.74), previous acute gallstone-related admissions (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.48–0.60) and preoperative endoscopic intervention (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.34–0.47). The CAAD score was developed using these variables. When applied to the validation subgroup, a CAAD score of ≤5 was associated with 80.8% successful day-case cholecystectomy compared with 19.2% associated with a CAAD score >5 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The CAAD score which utilises data readily available from clinic letters and electronic sources can predict same-day discharges following cholecystectomy.

The cholecystectomy as a day case (CAAD) score: a validated score of preoperative predictors of successful day-case cholecystectomy using the choleS data set / El-Sharkawy, A. M.; Tewari, N.; Vohra, R. S.; Vohra, R. S.; Pasquali, S.; Kirkham, A. J.; Marriott, P.; Johnstone, M.; Spreadborough, P.; Alderson, D.; Griffiths, E. A.; Fenwick, S.; Elmasry, M.; Nunes, Q.; Kennedy, D.; Basit Khan, R.; Khan, M. A.; Magee, C. J.; Jones, S. M.; Mason, D.; Parappally, C. P.; Mathur, P.; Saunders, M.; Jamel, S.; Ul Haque, S.; Zafar, S.; Shiwani, M. H.; Samuel, N.; Dar, F.; Jackson, A.; Lovett, B.; Dindyal, S.; Winter, H.; Fletcher, T.; Rahman, S.; Wheatley, K.; Nieto, T.; Ayaani, S.; Youssef, H.; Nijjar, R. S.; Watkin, H.; Naumann, D.; Emeshi, S.; Sarmah, P. B.; Lee, K.; Joji, N.; Heath, J.; Teasdale, R. L.; Weerasinghe, C.; Needham, P. J.; Welbourn, H.; Forster, L.; Finch, D.; Blazeby, J. M.; Robb, W.; Mcnair, A. G.; Hrycaiczuk, A.; Charalabopoulos, A.; Kadirkamanathan, S.; Tang, C. B.; Jayanthi, N. V.; Noor, N.; Dobbins, B.; Cockbain, A. J.; Nilsen-Nunn, A.; de Siqueira, J.; Pellen, M.; Cowley, J. B.; Ho, W. M.; Miu, V.; White, T. J.; Hodgkins, K. A.; Kinghorn, A.; Tutton, M. G.; Al-Abed, Y. A.; Menzies, D.; Ahmad, A.; Reed, J.; Khan, S.; Monk, D.; Vitone, L. J.; Murtaza, G.; Joel, A.; Brennan, S.; Shier, D.; Zhang, C.; Yoganathan, T.; Robinson, S. J.; Mccallum, I. J.; Jones, M. J.; Elsayed, M.; Tuck, L.; Wayman, J.; Carney, K.; Aroori, S.; Hosie, K. B.; Kimble, A.; Bunting, D. M.; Fawole, A. S.; Basheer, M.; Dave, R. V.; Sarveswaran, J.; Jones, E.; Kendall, C. J.; Tilston, M. P.; Gough, M.; Wallace, T.; Singh, S.; Downing, J.; Mockford, K. A.; Issa, E.; Shah, N.; Chauhan, N.; Wilson, T. R.; Forouzanfar, A.; Wild, J. R.; Nofal, E.; Bunnell, C.; Madbak, K.; Rao, S. T.; Devoto, L.; Siddiqi, N.; Khawaja, Z.; Hewes, J. C.; Gould, L.; Chambers, A.; Urriza Rodriguez, D.; Sen, G.; Robinson, S.; Bartlett, F.; Rae, D. M.; Stevenson, T. E.; Sarvananthan, K.; Dwerryhouse, S. J.; Higgs, S. M.; Old, O. J.; Hardy, T. J.; Shah, R.; Hornby, S. T.; Keogh, K.; Frank, L.; Al-Akash, M.; Upchurch, E. A.; Frame, R. J.; Hughes, M.; Jelley, C.; Weaver, S.; Roy, S.; Sillo, T. O.; Galanopoulos, G.; Cuming, T.; Cunha, P.; Tayeh, S.; Kaptanis, S.; Heshaishi, M.; Eisawi, A.; Abayomi, M.; Ngu, W. S.; Fleming, K.; Singh Bajwa, D.; Chitre, V.; Aryal, K.; Ferris, P.; Silva, M.; Lammy, S.; Mohamed, S.; Khawaja, A.; Hussain, A.; Ghazanfar, M. A.; Bellini, M. I.; Ebdewi, H.; Elshaer, M.; Gravante, G.; Drake, B.; Ogedegbe, A.; Mukherjee, D.; Arhi, C.; Giwa Nusrat Iqbal, L.; Watson, N. F.; Kumar Aggarwal, S.; Orchard, P.; Villatoro, E.; Willson, P. D.; Wa, K.; Mok, J.; Woodman, T.; Deguara, J.; Garcea, G.; Babu, B. I.; Dennison, A. R.; Malde, D.; Lloyd, D.; Satheesan, S.; Al-Taan, O.; Boddy, A.; Slavin, J. P.; Jones, R. P.; Ballance, L.; Gerakopoulos, S.; Jambulingam, P.; Mansour, S.; Sakai, N.; Acharya, V.; Sadat, M. M.; Karim, L.; Larkin, D.; Amin, K.; Khan, A.; Law, J.; Jamdar, S.; Smith, S. R.; Sampat, K.; M O'shea, K.; Manu, M.; Asprou, F. M.; Malik, N. S.; Chang, J.; Lewis, M.; Roberts, G. P.; Karavadra, B.; Photi, E.; Rodriguez, D.; O'Reilly, D. A.; Rate, A. J.; Sekhar, H.; Henderson, L. T.; Starmer, B. Z.; Coe, P. O.; Tolofari, S.; Barrie, J.; Bashir, G.; Sloane, J.; Madanipour, S.; Halkias, C.; Trevatt, A. E.; Borowski, D. W.; Hornsby, J.; Courtney, M. J.; Virupaksha, S.; Seymour, K.; Robinson, S.; Hawkins, H.; Bawa, S.; Gallagher, P. V.; Reid, A.; Wood, P.; Finch, J. G.; Parmar, J.; Stirland, E.; Gardner-Thorpe, J.; Al-Muhktar, A.; Peterson, M.; Majeed, A.; Bajwa, F. M.; Martin, J.; Choy, A.; Tsang, A.; Pore, N.; Andrew, D. R.; Al-Khyatt, W.; Bhandari, C. T.; Subramanium, D.; Toh, S. K.; Carter, N. C.; Mercer, S. J.; Knight, B.; Tate, S.; Pearce, B.; Wainwright, D.; Vijay, V.; Alagaratnam, S.; Sinha, S.; Khan, S.; El-Hasani, S. S.; Hussain, A. A.; Bhattacharya, V.; Kansal, N.; Fasih, T.; Jackson, C.; Siddiqui, M. N.; Chishti, I. A.; Fordham, I. J.; Siddiqui, Z.; Bausbacher, H.; Geogloma, I.; Gurung, K.; Tsavellas, G.; Basynat, P.; Kiran Shrestha, A.; Basu, S.; Chhabra Mohan Harilingam, A.; Rabie, M.; Akhtar, M.; Kumar, P.; Jafferbhoy, S. F.; Hussain, N.; Raza, S.; Haque, M.; Alam, I.; Aseem, R.; Patel, S.; Asad, M.; Booth, M. I.; Ball, W. R.; Wood, C. P.; Pinho-Gomes, A. C.; Kausar, A.; Rami Obeidallah, M.; Varghase, J.; Lodhia, J.; Bradley, D.; Rengifo, C.; Lindsay, D.; Gopalswamy, S.; Finlay, I.; Wardle, S.; Bullen, N.; Iftikhar, S. Y.; Awan, A.; Ahmed, J.; Leeder, P.; Fusai, G.; Bond-Smith, G.; Psica, A.; Puri, Y.; Hou, D.; Noble, F.; Szentpali, K.; Broadhurst, J.; Date, R.; Hossack, M. R.; Li Goh, Y.; Turner, P.; Shetty, V.; Riera, M.; Macano, C. A.; Sukha, A.; Preston, S. R.; Hoban, J. R.; Puntis, D. J.; Williams, S. V.; Krysztopik, R.; Kynaston, J.; Batt, J.; Doe, M.; Goscimski, A.; Jones, G. H.; Smith, S. R.; Hall, C.; Carty, N.; Panteleimonitis, S.; Gunasekera, R. T.; Sheel, A. R.; Lennon, H.; Hindley, C.; Reddy, M.; Kenny, R.; Elkheir, N.; Mcglone, E. R.; Rajaganeshan, R.; Hancorn, K.; Hargreaves, A.; Prasad, R.; Longbotham, D. A.; Vijayanand, D.; Wijetunga, I.; Ziprin, P.; Nicolay, C. R.; Yeldham, G.; Read, E.; Gossage, J. A.; Rolph, R. C.; Ebied, H.; Phull, M.; Khan, M. A.; Popplewell, M.; Kyriakidis, D.; Henley, N.; Packer, J. R.; Derbyshire, L.; Porter, J.; Appleton, S.; Farouk, M.; Basra, M.; Jennings, N. A.; Ali, S.; Kanakala, V.; Ali, H.; Lane, R.; Dickson-Lowe, R.; Zarsadias, P.; Mirza, D.; Puig, S.; Al Amari, K.; Vijayan, D.; Sutcliffe, R.; Marudanayagam, R.; Hamady, Z.; Prasad, A. R.; Patel, A.; Durkin, D.; Kaur, P.; Bowen, L.; Byrne, J. P.; Pearson, K. L.; Delisle, T. G.; Davies, J.; Tomlinson, M. A.; Johnpulle, M. A.; Slawinski, C.; Macdonald, A.; Nicholson, J.; Newton, K.; Mbuvi, J.; Farooq, A.; Sidhartha Mothe, B.; Zafrani, Z.; Brett, D.; Francombe, J.; Barnes, J.; Cheung, M.; Al-Bahrani, A. Z.; Preziosi, G.; Urbonas, T.; Alberts, J.; Mallik, M.; Patel, K.; Segaran, A.; Doulias, T.; Sufi, P. A.; Yao, C.; Pollock, S.; Manzelli, A.; Wajed, S.; Kourkulos, M.; Pezzuto, R.; Wadley, M.; Hamilton, E.; Jaunoo, S.; Padwick, R.; Sayegh, M.; Newton, R. C.; Hebbar, M.; Farag, S. F.; Spearman, J.; Hamdan, M. F.; D'Costa, C.; Blane, C.; Giles, M.; Peter, M. B.; Hirst, N. A.; Hossain, T.; Pannu, A.; El-Dhuwaib, Y.; Morrison, T. E.; Taylor, G. W.; Thompson, R. L.; Mccune, K.; Loughlin, P.; Lawther, R.; Byrnes, C. K.; Simpson, D. J.; Mawhinney, A.; Warren, C.; Mckay, D.; Mcilmunn, C.; Martin, S.; Macartney, M.; Diamond, T.; Davey, P.; Jones, C.; Clements, J. M.; Digney, R.; Chan, W. M.; Mccain, S.; Gull, S.; Janeczko, A.; Dorrian, E.; Harris, A.; Dawson, S.; Johnston, D.; Mcaree, B.; Ghareeb, E.; Thomas, G.; Connelly, M.; Mckenzie, S.; Cieplucha, K.; Spence, G.; Campbell, W.; Hooks, G.; Bradley, N.; Hill, A. D.; Cassidy, J. T.; Boland, M.; Burke, P.; Nally, D. M.; Khogali, E.; Shabo, W.; Iskandar, E.; Mcentee, G. P.; O'Neill, M. A.; Peirce, C.; Lyons, E. M.; O'Sullivan, A. W.; Thakkar, R.; Carroll, P.; Ivanovski, I.; Balfe, P.; Lee, M.; Winter, D. C.; Kelly, M. E.; Hoti, E.; Maguire, D.; Karunakaran, P.; Geoghegan, J. G.; Martin, S. T.; Mcdermott, F.; Cross, K. S.; Cooke, F.; Zeeshan, S.; Murphy, J. O.; Mealy, K.; Mohan, H. M.; Nedujchelyn, K.; Fahad Ullah, M.; Ahmed, I.; Giovinazzo, F.; Milburn, J.; Prince, S.; Brooke, E.; Buchan, J.; Khalil, A. M.; Vaughan, E. M.; Ramage, M. I.; Aldridge, R. C.; Gibson, S.; Nicholson, G. A.; Vass, D. G.; Grant, A. J.; Holroyd, D. J.; Jones, M. A.; Sutton, C. M.; O'Dwyer, P.; Nilsson, F.; Weber, B.; Williamson, T. K.; Lalla, K.; Bryant, A.; Carter, C. R.; Forrest, C. R.; Hunter, D. I.; Nassar, A. H.; Orizu, M. N.; Knight, K.; Qandeel, H.; Suttie, S.; Belding, R.; Mcclarey, A.; Boyd, A. T.; Guthrie, G. J.; Lim, P. J.; Luhmann, A.; Watson, A. J.; Richards, C. H.; Nicol, L.; Madurska, M.; Harrison, E.; Boyce, K. M.; Roebuck, A.; Ferguson, G.; Pati, P.; Wilson, M. S.; Dalgaty, F.; Fothergill, L.; Driscoll, P. J.; Mozolowski, K. L.; Banwell, V.; Bennett, S. P.; Rogers, P. N.; Skelly, B. L.; Rutherford, C. L.; Mirza, A. K.; Lazim, T.; Lim, H. C.; Duke, D.; Ahmed, T.; Beasley, W. D.; Wilkinson, M. D.; Maharaj, G.; Malcolm, C.; Brown, T. H.; Shingler, G. M.; Mowbray, N.; Radwan, R.; Morcous, P.; Wood, S.; Kadhim, A.; Stewart, D. J.; Baker, A. L.; Tanner, N.; Shenoy, H.; Hafiz, S.; De Marchi, J. A.; Singh-Ranger, D.; Hisham, E.; Ainley, P.; O'Neill, S.; Terrace, J.; Napetti, S.; Hopwood, B.; Rhys, T.; Kanavati, O.; Coats, M.; Aleksandrov, D.; Kallaway, C.; Yahya, S.; Weber, B.; Templeton, A.; Trotter, M.; Lo, C.; Dhillon, A.; Heywood, N.; Aawsaj, Y.; Hamdan, A.; Reece-Bolton, O.; Mcguigan, A.; Shahin, Y.; Ali, A.; Luther, A.; Rajendran, I.; Boal, M.; Ritchie, J.. - In: WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY. - ISSN 0364-2313. - 43:8(2019), pp. 1928-1934. [10.1007/s00268-019-04981-5]

The cholecystectomy as a day case (CAAD) score: a validated score of preoperative predictors of successful day-case cholecystectomy using the choleS data set

Bellini M. I.;
2019

Abstract

Background: Day-case surgery is associated with significant patient and cost benefits. However, only 43% of cholecystectomy patients are discharged home the same day. One hypothesis is day-case cholecystectomy rates, defined as patients discharged the same day as their operation, may be improved by better assessment of patients using standard preoperative variables. Methods: Data were extracted from a prospectively collected data set of cholecystectomy patients from 166 UK and Irish hospitals (CholeS). Cholecystectomies performed as elective procedures were divided into main (75%) and validation (25%) data sets. Preoperative predictors were identified, and a risk score of failed day case was devised using multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to validate the score in the validation data set. Results: Of the 7426 elective cholecystectomies performed, 49% of these were discharged home the same day. Same-day discharge following cholecystectomy was less likely with older patients (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), higher ASA scores (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), complicated cholelithiasis (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.48), male gender (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.74), previous acute gallstone-related admissions (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.48–0.60) and preoperative endoscopic intervention (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.34–0.47). The CAAD score was developed using these variables. When applied to the validation subgroup, a CAAD score of ≤5 was associated with 80.8% successful day-case cholecystectomy compared with 19.2% associated with a CAAD score >5 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The CAAD score which utilises data readily available from clinic letters and electronic sources can predict same-day discharges following cholecystectomy.
2019
Laparoscopyc cholecystectomy; day surgery; predictive score
01 Pubblicazione su rivista::01a Articolo in rivista
The cholecystectomy as a day case (CAAD) score: a validated score of preoperative predictors of successful day-case cholecystectomy using the choleS data set / El-Sharkawy, A. M.; Tewari, N.; Vohra, R. S.; Vohra, R. S.; Pasquali, S.; Kirkham, A. J.; Marriott, P.; Johnstone, M.; Spreadborough, P.; Alderson, D.; Griffiths, E. A.; Fenwick, S.; Elmasry, M.; Nunes, Q.; Kennedy, D.; Basit Khan, R.; Khan, M. A.; Magee, C. J.; Jones, S. M.; Mason, D.; Parappally, C. P.; Mathur, P.; Saunders, M.; Jamel, S.; Ul Haque, S.; Zafar, S.; Shiwani, M. H.; Samuel, N.; Dar, F.; Jackson, A.; Lovett, B.; Dindyal, S.; Winter, H.; Fletcher, T.; Rahman, S.; Wheatley, K.; Nieto, T.; Ayaani, S.; Youssef, H.; Nijjar, R. S.; Watkin, H.; Naumann, D.; Emeshi, S.; Sarmah, P. B.; Lee, K.; Joji, N.; Heath, J.; Teasdale, R. L.; Weerasinghe, C.; Needham, P. J.; Welbourn, H.; Forster, L.; Finch, D.; Blazeby, J. M.; Robb, W.; Mcnair, A. G.; Hrycaiczuk, A.; Charalabopoulos, A.; Kadirkamanathan, S.; Tang, C. B.; Jayanthi, N. V.; Noor, N.; Dobbins, B.; Cockbain, A. J.; Nilsen-Nunn, A.; de Siqueira, J.; Pellen, M.; Cowley, J. B.; Ho, W. M.; Miu, V.; White, T. J.; Hodgkins, K. A.; Kinghorn, A.; Tutton, M. G.; Al-Abed, Y. A.; Menzies, D.; Ahmad, A.; Reed, J.; Khan, S.; Monk, D.; Vitone, L. J.; Murtaza, G.; Joel, A.; Brennan, S.; Shier, D.; Zhang, C.; Yoganathan, T.; Robinson, S. J.; Mccallum, I. J.; Jones, M. J.; Elsayed, M.; Tuck, L.; Wayman, J.; Carney, K.; Aroori, S.; Hosie, K. B.; Kimble, A.; Bunting, D. M.; Fawole, A. S.; Basheer, M.; Dave, R. V.; Sarveswaran, J.; Jones, E.; Kendall, C. J.; Tilston, M. P.; Gough, M.; Wallace, T.; Singh, S.; Downing, J.; Mockford, K. A.; Issa, E.; Shah, N.; Chauhan, N.; Wilson, T. R.; Forouzanfar, A.; Wild, J. R.; Nofal, E.; Bunnell, C.; Madbak, K.; Rao, S. T.; Devoto, L.; Siddiqi, N.; Khawaja, Z.; Hewes, J. C.; Gould, L.; Chambers, A.; Urriza Rodriguez, D.; Sen, G.; Robinson, S.; Bartlett, F.; Rae, D. M.; Stevenson, T. E.; Sarvananthan, K.; Dwerryhouse, S. J.; Higgs, S. M.; Old, O. J.; Hardy, T. J.; Shah, R.; Hornby, S. T.; Keogh, K.; Frank, L.; Al-Akash, M.; Upchurch, E. A.; Frame, R. J.; Hughes, M.; Jelley, C.; Weaver, S.; Roy, S.; Sillo, T. O.; Galanopoulos, G.; Cuming, T.; Cunha, P.; Tayeh, S.; Kaptanis, S.; Heshaishi, M.; Eisawi, A.; Abayomi, M.; Ngu, W. S.; Fleming, K.; Singh Bajwa, D.; Chitre, V.; Aryal, K.; Ferris, P.; Silva, M.; Lammy, S.; Mohamed, S.; Khawaja, A.; Hussain, A.; Ghazanfar, M. A.; Bellini, M. I.; Ebdewi, H.; Elshaer, M.; Gravante, G.; Drake, B.; Ogedegbe, A.; Mukherjee, D.; Arhi, C.; Giwa Nusrat Iqbal, L.; Watson, N. F.; Kumar Aggarwal, S.; Orchard, P.; Villatoro, E.; Willson, P. D.; Wa, K.; Mok, J.; Woodman, T.; Deguara, J.; Garcea, G.; Babu, B. I.; Dennison, A. R.; Malde, D.; Lloyd, D.; Satheesan, S.; Al-Taan, O.; Boddy, A.; Slavin, J. P.; Jones, R. P.; Ballance, L.; Gerakopoulos, S.; Jambulingam, P.; Mansour, S.; Sakai, N.; Acharya, V.; Sadat, M. M.; Karim, L.; Larkin, D.; Amin, K.; Khan, A.; Law, J.; Jamdar, S.; Smith, S. R.; Sampat, K.; M O'shea, K.; Manu, M.; Asprou, F. M.; Malik, N. S.; Chang, J.; Lewis, M.; Roberts, G. P.; Karavadra, B.; Photi, E.; Rodriguez, D.; O'Reilly, D. A.; Rate, A. J.; Sekhar, H.; Henderson, L. T.; Starmer, B. Z.; Coe, P. O.; Tolofari, S.; Barrie, J.; Bashir, G.; Sloane, J.; Madanipour, S.; Halkias, C.; Trevatt, A. E.; Borowski, D. W.; Hornsby, J.; Courtney, M. J.; Virupaksha, S.; Seymour, K.; Robinson, S.; Hawkins, H.; Bawa, S.; Gallagher, P. V.; Reid, A.; Wood, P.; Finch, J. G.; Parmar, J.; Stirland, E.; Gardner-Thorpe, J.; Al-Muhktar, A.; Peterson, M.; Majeed, A.; Bajwa, F. M.; Martin, J.; Choy, A.; Tsang, A.; Pore, N.; Andrew, D. R.; Al-Khyatt, W.; Bhandari, C. T.; Subramanium, D.; Toh, S. K.; Carter, N. C.; Mercer, S. J.; Knight, B.; Tate, S.; Pearce, B.; Wainwright, D.; Vijay, V.; Alagaratnam, S.; Sinha, S.; Khan, S.; El-Hasani, S. S.; Hussain, A. A.; Bhattacharya, V.; Kansal, N.; Fasih, T.; Jackson, C.; Siddiqui, M. N.; Chishti, I. A.; Fordham, I. J.; Siddiqui, Z.; Bausbacher, H.; Geogloma, I.; Gurung, K.; Tsavellas, G.; Basynat, P.; Kiran Shrestha, A.; Basu, S.; Chhabra Mohan Harilingam, A.; Rabie, M.; Akhtar, M.; Kumar, P.; Jafferbhoy, S. F.; Hussain, N.; Raza, S.; Haque, M.; Alam, I.; Aseem, R.; Patel, S.; Asad, M.; Booth, M. I.; Ball, W. R.; Wood, C. P.; Pinho-Gomes, A. C.; Kausar, A.; Rami Obeidallah, M.; Varghase, J.; Lodhia, J.; Bradley, D.; Rengifo, C.; Lindsay, D.; Gopalswamy, S.; Finlay, I.; Wardle, S.; Bullen, N.; Iftikhar, S. Y.; Awan, A.; Ahmed, J.; Leeder, P.; Fusai, G.; Bond-Smith, G.; Psica, A.; Puri, Y.; Hou, D.; Noble, F.; Szentpali, K.; Broadhurst, J.; Date, R.; Hossack, M. R.; Li Goh, Y.; Turner, P.; Shetty, V.; Riera, M.; Macano, C. A.; Sukha, A.; Preston, S. R.; Hoban, J. R.; Puntis, D. J.; Williams, S. V.; Krysztopik, R.; Kynaston, J.; Batt, J.; Doe, M.; Goscimski, A.; Jones, G. H.; Smith, S. R.; Hall, C.; Carty, N.; Panteleimonitis, S.; Gunasekera, R. T.; Sheel, A. R.; Lennon, H.; Hindley, C.; Reddy, M.; Kenny, R.; Elkheir, N.; Mcglone, E. R.; Rajaganeshan, R.; Hancorn, K.; Hargreaves, A.; Prasad, R.; Longbotham, D. A.; Vijayanand, D.; Wijetunga, I.; Ziprin, P.; Nicolay, C. R.; Yeldham, G.; Read, E.; Gossage, J. A.; Rolph, R. C.; Ebied, H.; Phull, M.; Khan, M. A.; Popplewell, M.; Kyriakidis, D.; Henley, N.; Packer, J. R.; Derbyshire, L.; Porter, J.; Appleton, S.; Farouk, M.; Basra, M.; Jennings, N. A.; Ali, S.; Kanakala, V.; Ali, H.; Lane, R.; Dickson-Lowe, R.; Zarsadias, P.; Mirza, D.; Puig, S.; Al Amari, K.; Vijayan, D.; Sutcliffe, R.; Marudanayagam, R.; Hamady, Z.; Prasad, A. R.; Patel, A.; Durkin, D.; Kaur, P.; Bowen, L.; Byrne, J. P.; Pearson, K. L.; Delisle, T. G.; Davies, J.; Tomlinson, M. A.; Johnpulle, M. A.; Slawinski, C.; Macdonald, A.; Nicholson, J.; Newton, K.; Mbuvi, J.; Farooq, A.; Sidhartha Mothe, B.; Zafrani, Z.; Brett, D.; Francombe, J.; Barnes, J.; Cheung, M.; Al-Bahrani, A. Z.; Preziosi, G.; Urbonas, T.; Alberts, J.; Mallik, M.; Patel, K.; Segaran, A.; Doulias, T.; Sufi, P. A.; Yao, C.; Pollock, S.; Manzelli, A.; Wajed, S.; Kourkulos, M.; Pezzuto, R.; Wadley, M.; Hamilton, E.; Jaunoo, S.; Padwick, R.; Sayegh, M.; Newton, R. C.; Hebbar, M.; Farag, S. F.; Spearman, J.; Hamdan, M. F.; D'Costa, C.; Blane, C.; Giles, M.; Peter, M. B.; Hirst, N. A.; Hossain, T.; Pannu, A.; El-Dhuwaib, Y.; Morrison, T. E.; Taylor, G. W.; Thompson, R. L.; Mccune, K.; Loughlin, P.; Lawther, R.; Byrnes, C. K.; Simpson, D. J.; Mawhinney, A.; Warren, C.; Mckay, D.; Mcilmunn, C.; Martin, S.; Macartney, M.; Diamond, T.; Davey, P.; Jones, C.; Clements, J. M.; Digney, R.; Chan, W. M.; Mccain, S.; Gull, S.; Janeczko, A.; Dorrian, E.; Harris, A.; Dawson, S.; Johnston, D.; Mcaree, B.; Ghareeb, E.; Thomas, G.; Connelly, M.; Mckenzie, S.; Cieplucha, K.; Spence, G.; Campbell, W.; Hooks, G.; Bradley, N.; Hill, A. D.; Cassidy, J. T.; Boland, M.; Burke, P.; Nally, D. M.; Khogali, E.; Shabo, W.; Iskandar, E.; Mcentee, G. P.; O'Neill, M. A.; Peirce, C.; Lyons, E. M.; O'Sullivan, A. W.; Thakkar, R.; Carroll, P.; Ivanovski, I.; Balfe, P.; Lee, M.; Winter, D. C.; Kelly, M. E.; Hoti, E.; Maguire, D.; Karunakaran, P.; Geoghegan, J. G.; Martin, S. T.; Mcdermott, F.; Cross, K. S.; Cooke, F.; Zeeshan, S.; Murphy, J. O.; Mealy, K.; Mohan, H. M.; Nedujchelyn, K.; Fahad Ullah, M.; Ahmed, I.; Giovinazzo, F.; Milburn, J.; Prince, S.; Brooke, E.; Buchan, J.; Khalil, A. M.; Vaughan, E. M.; Ramage, M. I.; Aldridge, R. C.; Gibson, S.; Nicholson, G. A.; Vass, D. G.; Grant, A. J.; Holroyd, D. J.; Jones, M. A.; Sutton, C. M.; O'Dwyer, P.; Nilsson, F.; Weber, B.; Williamson, T. 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