Gender pay gap perception: a five-country European study

Over the past several decades, public administrations have attempted to identify how gender differences affect employment opportunities and social inequalities, which has led to a growing body of literature. However, sufficient and valid conclusions are not yet available to identify the reasons for the gender pay gap (GPG). Building on key theoretical models to explain the wage gap, our research, based on a short survey, aimed to identify which factors could be related to the perception of GPG among employees of small- and medium-sized enterprises in five European countries. Moreover, we investigated the possible relationships between personal characteristics such as gender, age, job satisfaction, gender orientation (which is categorized as ''Negative Gender Orientation'', i.e., sexist beliefs, and ''Positive Gender Orientation'', i.e., perceived gender equality in society), and the GPG and tried to estimate a possible functional relationship between the perceived GPG and the decision-making style. The results revealed differences between personal characteristics and perceptions of the GPG; the findings were discussed in accordance with the present literature on the topic.