Indicators of Complex Care During the Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Activity at the Transplant Center of the Policlinico Hospital, Modena

Objective The objective of this study was to identify possible biopsychosocial predictors of organizational complexity in patients referred to the consultant psychiatrist for assessment before liver transplantation. Methods This was a case-control study. All psychiatric consultations performed before and after liver transplantation from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2013 were included. Complexity was operationalized as “undergoing two or more psychiatric consultations”. Controls were defined as patients who were assessed only once by the consultant. Cases were represented by patients who underwent two or more consultations. Statistical analysis was performed with STATA 13.1, using logistic regressions. Results In this study, 515 consultations were requested for 309 patients potentially eligible for liver transplantation. Controls were 209 (67.6%); cases were 100 (32.4%). Positive psychiatric history (odds ratio [OR] = 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43–4.16), viral or toxic (alcohol- or drug-related) liver disease (OR = 1.93; 95% CI, 1.09–3.42), use of psychotropic medications at the baseline (OR = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.14–4.07), and female gender (OR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.01–3.11) were significantly associated with an increased probability of being cases. Conclusions Positive psychiatric history, viral or toxic liver disease, use of psychotropic medications at the index referral, and female gender are possible biopsychosocial predictors of complexity in patients eligible for liver transplantation.