The paper aims to investigate the relationship between rhetorical and medical fields in Plato’s dialogues through the lens of myth as a ‘useful remedy’. For Plato myth is a middle way between truth and lie, as well as health and disease, justice and injustice, good and evil. In this way, it can have both an educational and a therapeutic function in the ideal city only after a ‘surgical’ selection of the typical contents of traditional poetry. Plato also criticizes traditional rhetoric and medicine: while rhetorical persuasion is aimed only at itself, Hippocratic medicine is unqualified to be the highest techne because it deals only with the body and not with the soul, unlike philosophy. The rhetoric-medicine link gets more complicated considering the refoundation of a healthy mythology, as the myth of ‘noble lie’ shows. The noble lie constitutes a necessary political remedy to preserve city health and aims to persuade rulers and citizens (regarded as patients) to have a common ancestry and different tasks to be undertaken within the city. However, in the last century, this complex intersection between rhetoric and medicine gave rise to mystifications and misunderstandings of Plato’s intentions, as Popper and the following debate demonstrates.
Il contributo indaga la relazione tra gli ambiti retorico e medico nei dialoghi platonici attraverso la funzione di mito come ‘rimedio utile’. Per Platone il mito è una via di mezzo tra verità e menzogna, salute e malattia, giustizia e ingiustizia, bene e male, e può avere una funzione educativa e terapeutica nella città ideale solo dopo una selezione ‘chirurgica’ dei contenuti tipici della poesia tradizionale. Inoltre, Platone critica anche la retorica e la medicina tradizionali: mentre la persuasione retorica è finalizzata unicamente a sé stessa, la medicina ippocratica non può costituire la più alta techne in quanto, contrariamente alla filosofia, concerne solo il soma e non la psyche. Il nesso retorica-medicina si complica ulteriormente se si considera la rifondazione di una ‘sana mitologia’, come mostra il mito della ‘nobile menzogna’, che costituisce un rimedio politico necessario per preservare la salute cittadina, mirando a persuadere i pazienti – governanti e cittadini – di una loro comune discendenza e dell’assegnazione di ruoli differenti nella polis. Tuttavia, nel XX secolo questa complessa intersezione tra retorica e medicina ha alimentato mistificazioni e fraintendimenti delle intenzioni platoniche, come dimostrano Popper e il dibattito conseguitone.
Hos pharmakon chresimon. Il mito come ‘rimedio retorico’ nella Kallipolis platonica / Orrù, Alice. - In: RIVISTA ITALIANA DI FILOSOFIA DEL LINGUAGGIO. - ISSN 2036-6728. - 15:1(2021), pp. 18-29. [10.4396/20210603]
Hos pharmakon chresimon. Il mito come ‘rimedio retorico’ nella Kallipolis platonica
Alice Orrù
Writing – Original Draft Preparation
2021
Abstract
The paper aims to investigate the relationship between rhetorical and medical fields in Plato’s dialogues through the lens of myth as a ‘useful remedy’. For Plato myth is a middle way between truth and lie, as well as health and disease, justice and injustice, good and evil. In this way, it can have both an educational and a therapeutic function in the ideal city only after a ‘surgical’ selection of the typical contents of traditional poetry. Plato also criticizes traditional rhetoric and medicine: while rhetorical persuasion is aimed only at itself, Hippocratic medicine is unqualified to be the highest techne because it deals only with the body and not with the soul, unlike philosophy. The rhetoric-medicine link gets more complicated considering the refoundation of a healthy mythology, as the myth of ‘noble lie’ shows. The noble lie constitutes a necessary political remedy to preserve city health and aims to persuade rulers and citizens (regarded as patients) to have a common ancestry and different tasks to be undertaken within the city. However, in the last century, this complex intersection between rhetoric and medicine gave rise to mystifications and misunderstandings of Plato’s intentions, as Popper and the following debate demonstrates.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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