Normal mode calculation and infrared spectroscopy of proteins in water solution: Relationship between amide I transition dipole strength and secondary structure

Dipole Strength (DS) of the amides has gained a renewed interest in chemical physics since it provides an important tool to disclose the on-site vibrational energy distributions. Apart from earlier experimental efforts on polypeptides, little is still known about DS in complex proteins. We accurately measured the Fourier Transform Infrared absorption spectra of nine proteins in water solution obtaining their Molar Extinction Coefficient in the amide I and II spectral region. Our results show that the amide I DS value depends on the protein secondary structure, being that of the α-rich and unstructured proteins lower by a factor of 2 than that of the β-rich proteins. The average DS for amino acids in α and β secondary structures confirms this finding. Normal Mode calculation and Molecular Dynamics were performed and used as tools for data analysis and interpretation. The present outcomes corroborate the hypothesis that antiparallel β-sheet environment is more prone to delocalize the on-site C=O stretching vibration through coupling mechanisms between carbonyl groups, whereas α-helix structures are energetically less stable to permit vibrational mode delocalization.