Effetti indiretti della Carta dei diritti fondamentali? In margine alla sentenza Commissione c. Polonia (Indépendance de la Cour suprême)

In the case law of the CJEU, Art. 51 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union is often read as based on a dichotomic distinction between national rules and behaviors falling within and, respectively, outside the scope of the Charter. Only the first category of rules and behaviors shall abide by the Charter, while the second category can, in principle, derogate from it. In its recent judgment of 24 June 2019 in case C-619/18, Commission v. Poland (Indépendance de la Cour suprême), the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice seems to depart from this classical conception and to shape, albeit implicitly, a third genus of situations: those where national provisions falling in principle outside the scope of the Charter must, howev- er, abide by the Charter if they are implementing obligations flowing from the founding Treaties.