Aim Alpine ecosystems differ in area, macroenvironment and biogeographical history across the Earth, but the relationship between these factors and plant species richness is still unexplored. Here, we assess the global patterns of plant species richness in alpine ecosystems and their association with environmental, geographical and historical factors at regional and community scales. Location Global. Time period Data collected between 1923 and 2019. Major taxa studied Vascular plants. Methods We used a dataset representative of global alpine vegetation, consisting of 8,928 plots sampled within 26 ecoregions and six biogeographical realms, to estimate regional richness using sample‐based rarefaction and extrapolation. Then, we evaluated latitudinal patterns of regional and community richness with generalized additive models. Using environmental, geographical and historical predictors from global raster layers, we modelled regional and community richness in a mixed‐effect modelling framework. Results The latitudinal pattern of regional richness peaked around the equator and at mid‐latitudes, in response to current and past alpine area, isolation and the variation in soil pH among regions. At the community level, species richness peaked at mid‐latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, despite a considerable within‐region variation. Community richness was related to macroclimate and historical predictors, with strong effects of other spatially structured factors. Main conclusions In contrast to the well‐known latitudinal diversity gradient, the alpine plant species richness of some temperate regions in Eurasia was comparable to that of hyperdiverse tropical ecosystems, such as the páramo. The species richness of these putative hotspot regions is explained mainly by the extent of alpine area and their glacial history, whereas community richness depends on local environmental factors. Our results highlight hotspots of species richness at mid‐latitudes, indicating that the diversity of alpine plants is linked to regional idiosyncrasies and to the historical prevalence of alpine ecosystems, rather than current macroclimatic gradients.

Global patterns and drivers of alpine plant species richness / Testolin, Riccardo; Attorre, Fabio; Borchardt, Peter; Brand, Robert F.; Bruelheide, Helge; Chytrý, Milan; De Sanctis, Michele; Dolezal, Jiri; Finckh, Manfred; Haider, Sylvia; Hemp, Andreas; Jandt, Ute; Kessler, Michael; Korolyuk, Andrey Yu; Lenoir, Jonathan; Makunina, Natalia; Malanson, George P.; Montesinos‐tubée, Daniel B.; Noroozi, Jalil; Nowak, Arkadiusz; Peet, Robert K.; Peyre, Gwendolyn; Sabatini, Francesco Maria; Šibík, Jozef; Sklenář, Petr; Sylvester, Steven P.; Vassilev, Kiril; Virtanen, Risto; Willner, Wolfgang; Wiser, Susan K.; Zibzeev, Evgeny G.; Jiménez‐alfaro, Borja. - In: GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY. - ISSN 1466-822X. - (2021), pp. 1-14. [10.1111/geb.13297]

Global patterns and drivers of alpine plant species richness

Testolin, Riccardo
;
Attorre, Fabio;De Sanctis, Michele;Sabatini, Francesco Maria;
2021

Abstract

Aim Alpine ecosystems differ in area, macroenvironment and biogeographical history across the Earth, but the relationship between these factors and plant species richness is still unexplored. Here, we assess the global patterns of plant species richness in alpine ecosystems and their association with environmental, geographical and historical factors at regional and community scales. Location Global. Time period Data collected between 1923 and 2019. Major taxa studied Vascular plants. Methods We used a dataset representative of global alpine vegetation, consisting of 8,928 plots sampled within 26 ecoregions and six biogeographical realms, to estimate regional richness using sample‐based rarefaction and extrapolation. Then, we evaluated latitudinal patterns of regional and community richness with generalized additive models. Using environmental, geographical and historical predictors from global raster layers, we modelled regional and community richness in a mixed‐effect modelling framework. Results The latitudinal pattern of regional richness peaked around the equator and at mid‐latitudes, in response to current and past alpine area, isolation and the variation in soil pH among regions. At the community level, species richness peaked at mid‐latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, despite a considerable within‐region variation. Community richness was related to macroclimate and historical predictors, with strong effects of other spatially structured factors. Main conclusions In contrast to the well‐known latitudinal diversity gradient, the alpine plant species richness of some temperate regions in Eurasia was comparable to that of hyperdiverse tropical ecosystems, such as the páramo. The species richness of these putative hotspot regions is explained mainly by the extent of alpine area and their glacial history, whereas community richness depends on local environmental factors. Our results highlight hotspots of species richness at mid‐latitudes, indicating that the diversity of alpine plants is linked to regional idiosyncrasies and to the historical prevalence of alpine ecosystems, rather than current macroclimatic gradients.
2021
Alpine vegetation; biodiversity hotspots; biogeographical history; global patterns; multiscale analysis; plant species richness
01 Pubblicazione su rivista::01a Articolo in rivista
Global patterns and drivers of alpine plant species richness / Testolin, Riccardo; Attorre, Fabio; Borchardt, Peter; Brand, Robert F.; Bruelheide, Helge; Chytrý, Milan; De Sanctis, Michele; Dolezal, Jiri; Finckh, Manfred; Haider, Sylvia; Hemp, Andreas; Jandt, Ute; Kessler, Michael; Korolyuk, Andrey Yu; Lenoir, Jonathan; Makunina, Natalia; Malanson, George P.; Montesinos‐tubée, Daniel B.; Noroozi, Jalil; Nowak, Arkadiusz; Peet, Robert K.; Peyre, Gwendolyn; Sabatini, Francesco Maria; Šibík, Jozef; Sklenář, Petr; Sylvester, Steven P.; Vassilev, Kiril; Virtanen, Risto; Willner, Wolfgang; Wiser, Susan K.; Zibzeev, Evgeny G.; Jiménez‐alfaro, Borja. - In: GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY. - ISSN 1466-822X. - (2021), pp. 1-14. [10.1111/geb.13297]
File allegati a questo prodotto
File Dimensione Formato  
Testolin_Global-patterns_2021.pdf

accesso aperto

Tipologia: Versione editoriale (versione pubblicata con il layout dell'editore)
Licenza: Creative commons
Dimensione 1.43 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
1.43 MB Adobe PDF

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1530516
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 49
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 45
social impact