The slope time-dependent deformations are usually related to the Mass Rock Creep (MRC) process that acts on a large time-space scale through a continuous and non-linear variation of the tensile-deformational state of entire portions of slopes. It is also strongly conditioned by the tectonics and the evolution of the drainage network. Indeed, both uplift and the morpho-evolution kinetically release portions of slopes isolating a rock mass carapace that starts to deform by the MRC process until collapse. The limit of these theoretical schemes is represented by the difficulty of estimating accurately the starting time of the process, discriminating the distinct phases, as well as determining the viscosity of the rocky matrix, one of the most important components in the system. In this regard, the general objective of my research is to isolate the contribution of geological aging (intended as the time-evolution of morpho-structures in the direction of propagation of the orogen from the hinterland to the foreland), and of landscape evolution in the development of MRC-driven time-dependent deformations. However, the specific objective is to demonstrate the relationships among the aforementioned factors through a methodological test along a transept oriented parallel to the direction of the morpho-structures in Lorestan, in the Zagros Mountains (Iran) from NE (older geological age) to SW (younger geological age). Based on the time constraints to the pre-failure morpho-evolutionary reconstruction provided in 3 case studies, a Landscape Evolution Modelling (LEM) was implemented in order to calibrate the model by back-analysis individuating the exact temporal step in which a critical morpho-evolutive condition was reached originating the MRC process responsible for unelastic strains within the involved rock mass. The strain rate computation, and then subsequently the displacement rate, was performed, first, on the real landslide profiles to evaluate the possible strain rate value range in the case studies through a sensitivity analysis on the viscosity parameter. After that, it was also implemented in the LEMs to define the deformation history linked to the MRC process of the simulated slopes. I can conclude that the landscape evolution modelling, temporally constrained by the morpho-evolutionary analysis, allows reconstructing the creep history of slope-valley systems. The presented multi-modelling approach will be continued by the stress-strain numerical modelling to calibrate the rock mass rheology by further back analysis allowing assessing a time-dependent risk.

Le deformazioni di versante tempo-dipendenti sono solitamente connesse al processo Mass Rock Creep (MRC) che agisce su una grande scala spazio-temporale attraverso una variazione continua e non lineare dello stato tenso-deformativo di intere porzioni di versante. Inoltre è fortemente condizionato dalla tettonica e dall'evoluzione della rete di drenaggio. Infatti, sia il sollevamento che l'evoluzione morfologica permettono lo svincolo cinematico di porzioni di versante isolando un carapace di ammasso roccioso che inizia a deformarsi per processo di MRC fino al collasso. Il limite di questi schemi teorici è rappresentato dalla difficoltà di stimare con precisione il tempo di inizio del processo, discriminandone le diverse fasi, nonché di determinare la viscosità della matrice rocciosa, una delle componenti più importanti del sistema. A tal proposito, l'obiettivo generale della mia ricerca è quello di isolare il contributo del geological aging (inteso come evoluzione temporale delle morfostrutture in direzione della propagazione dell'orogene), e dell'evoluzione del paesaggio nello sviluppo di deformazioni tempo-dipendenti da MRC. Tuttavia, l'obiettivo specifico è quello di dimostrare le relazioni tra i suddetti fattori attraverso un test metodologico lungo un transetto orientato parallelamente alla direzione delle morfostrutture in Lorestan, nei Monti Zagros (Iran) da NE a SW. Sulla base dei vincoli temporali alla ricostruzione morfo-evolutiva ottenuta per 3 casi di studio, è stato implementato un Landscape Evolution Modeling (LEM) al fine di calibrare il modello mediante back-analysis individuando l'esatto step temporale in cui la soglia morfoevolutiva critica è stata raggiunta che ha originato il processo MRC responsabile di deformazioni non elastiche all'interno dell'ammasso roccioso coinvolto. Il calcolo della strain rate, e poi successivamente del displacement rate, è stato eseguito, dapprima, sui profili di frana reali per valutare il possibile range di valori di strain rate nei casi studio attraverso un'analisi di sensitività sul parametro di viscosità. Successivamente, è stato implementato anche nei LEM per definire la cronologia di deformazione legata al processo MRC dei pendii simulati. Posso concludere che il LEM, vincolato temporalmente dall'analisi morfo-evolutiva, consente di ricostruire la storia del creep dei sistemi di versante-valle. L'approccio multi-modellistico presentato sarà continuato dalla modellizzazione numerica tenso-deformativa per calibrare la reologia dell'ammasso roccioso mediante ulteriori analisi che consentano di valutare un rischio dipendente dal tempo oltre che dallo spazio.

Time-dependent rock-mass deformations, geological aging and landscape evolution as predisposing factors for large rock landslide triggering / Delchiaro, Michele. - (2021 Mar 15).

Time-dependent rock-mass deformations, geological aging and landscape evolution as predisposing factors for large rock landslide triggering

DELCHIARO, MICHELE
15/03/2021

Abstract

The slope time-dependent deformations are usually related to the Mass Rock Creep (MRC) process that acts on a large time-space scale through a continuous and non-linear variation of the tensile-deformational state of entire portions of slopes. It is also strongly conditioned by the tectonics and the evolution of the drainage network. Indeed, both uplift and the morpho-evolution kinetically release portions of slopes isolating a rock mass carapace that starts to deform by the MRC process until collapse. The limit of these theoretical schemes is represented by the difficulty of estimating accurately the starting time of the process, discriminating the distinct phases, as well as determining the viscosity of the rocky matrix, one of the most important components in the system. In this regard, the general objective of my research is to isolate the contribution of geological aging (intended as the time-evolution of morpho-structures in the direction of propagation of the orogen from the hinterland to the foreland), and of landscape evolution in the development of MRC-driven time-dependent deformations. However, the specific objective is to demonstrate the relationships among the aforementioned factors through a methodological test along a transept oriented parallel to the direction of the morpho-structures in Lorestan, in the Zagros Mountains (Iran) from NE (older geological age) to SW (younger geological age). Based on the time constraints to the pre-failure morpho-evolutionary reconstruction provided in 3 case studies, a Landscape Evolution Modelling (LEM) was implemented in order to calibrate the model by back-analysis individuating the exact temporal step in which a critical morpho-evolutive condition was reached originating the MRC process responsible for unelastic strains within the involved rock mass. The strain rate computation, and then subsequently the displacement rate, was performed, first, on the real landslide profiles to evaluate the possible strain rate value range in the case studies through a sensitivity analysis on the viscosity parameter. After that, it was also implemented in the LEMs to define the deformation history linked to the MRC process of the simulated slopes. I can conclude that the landscape evolution modelling, temporally constrained by the morpho-evolutionary analysis, allows reconstructing the creep history of slope-valley systems. The presented multi-modelling approach will be continued by the stress-strain numerical modelling to calibrate the rock mass rheology by further back analysis allowing assessing a time-dependent risk.
15-mar-2021
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Note: This thesis is composed of my original work and contains published and unpublished works produced during the three-year long Ph.D. program in Earth Sciences.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1512863
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