Objective To compare disease course in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) with a poor prognosis who were treated with one or with two intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) courses. Methods From the International GBS Outcome Study, we selected patients whose modified Erasmus GBS Outcome Score at week 1 predicted a poor prognosis. We compared those treated with one IVIg course to those treated with two IVIg courses. The primary endpoint, the GBS disability scale at 4 weeks, was assessed with multivariable ordinal regression. Results Of 237 eligible patients, 199 patients received a single IVIg course. Twenty patients received an α early' second IVIg course (1-2 weeks after start of the first IVIg course) and 18 patients a α late' second IVIg course (2-4 weeks after start of IVIg). At baseline and 1 week, those receiving two IVIg courses were more disabled than those receiving one course. Compared with the one course group, the adjusted OR for a better GBS disability score at 4 weeks was 0.70 (95%CI 0.16 to 3.04) for the early group and 0.66 (95%CI 0.18 to 2.50) for the late group. The secondary endpoints were not in favour of a second IVIg course. Conclusions This observational study did not show better outcomes after a second IVIg course in GBS with poor prognosis. The study was limited by small numbers and baseline imbalances. Lack of improvement was likely an incentive to start a second IVIg course. A prospective randomised trial is needed to evaluate whether a second IVIg course improves outcome in GBS.

Second IVIg course in Guillain-Barré syndrome with poor prognosis. The non-randomised ISID study / C., Verboon; B., Van Den Berg; D. R., Cornblath; E., Venema; K. C., Gorson; M. P., Lunn; H., Lingsma; P., Van Den Bergh; T., Harbo; K., Bateman; Y., Pereon; So. H., Sindrup; S., Kusunoki; J., Miller; Z., Islam; H. -P., Hartung; G., Chavada; B. C., Jacobs; R. A. C., Hughes; Addington, Van Doorn P. A. J. M.; (University of Virginia, Md; USA), Charlottesville; on October 7, S. Consortia. Protected by copyright.; Downloaded from 8 Verboon C, 2019 at Uppsala Universitet BIBSAM http://jnnp. bmj. com/ J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10. 1136/jnnp-2019-321496 on 5 October 2019.; J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019, et al.; 1136/jnnp-2019-321496 Neuromuscular Ajroud-Driss, 0:1–9. doi:10.; (Northwestern University Feinberg, Md; USA), Chicago; Antonini, G.; (Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Md; University, Sapienza; Hospital, Sant’Andrea; Italy), Rome; Attarian, S.; Md, ; (CHU Timone, Phd; France), Marseille; Barroso, F. A.; (Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Md; Fleni, ; Aires, Buenos; Argentina), ; Benedetti, L.; Md, ; (Ospedale Sant’ Andrea La Spezia, Phd; Spezia, La; Italy), ; Bertorini, T. E.; (The University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Md; USA), Memphis; Brannagan, T. H.; (Columbia University, Md; York City, New; USA), ; Briani, C.; (University of Padova, Md; Italy), Padova; Bhavaraju-Sanka, R.; (University Hospital/University of Texas Health Science Center, Md; Antonio Texas, San; USA), ; Butterworth, S.; (Pinderfields Hospital, Md; UK), Wakefield; Casasnovas, C.; Md, ; Ciberer, PhD (Bellvitge University Hospital – IDIBELL Neurometabolic Diseases Group.; Spain), Barcelona; Cavaletti, G.; (University Milano-Bicocca, Md; Italy), Monza; Chen, S.; Md, ; (Rutgers, Phd; Wood Johnson University Hospital, Robert; Brunswick, New; USA), ; Claeys, K. G.; Md, ; University Hospitals Leuven, PhD (1.; Belgium, Leuven; KU Leuven, 2.; Belgium), Leuven; Cosgrove, J. S.; (Leeds General Infirmary, Md; UK), Leeds; Davidson, A.; (University of Glasgow, Md; UK), Glasgow; Dardiotis, E.; (University of Thessaly, Md; of Larissa, Hospital; Greece), Larissa; Dornonville de la Cour, C.; (National Hospital Copenhagen, Md; Denmark), Copenhagen; Faber, C. G.; Md, ; (Maastricht University Medical Centre, Phd; Maastricht, ; Netherlands), The; Feasby, T. E.; (University of Calgary, Md; Canada), Calgary; Fujioka, T.; (Toho University Medical Center, Md; Japan), Tokyo; Galassi, G.; (University Hospital of Modena, Md; Italy), Modena; Gilchrist, J. M.; (Soulthern Illinois University School of Medicine, Md; USA), Springfield; Goyal, N. A.; (University of California, Md; USA), Irvine; Granit, V.; (Montefiore Medical, Md; Center, ; York, New; USA), ; Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, G.; (Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofia, Md; Sebastian, San; Spain), ; Hadden, R. D. M.; Md, ; (King’s College Hospital, Phd; UK), London; Holt, J. K. L.; Phd, ; (The Walton Centre, Frcp; UK), Liverpool; Htut, M.; George’s Hospital, MD (St.; UK), London; Jericó Pascual, I.; Md, ; (Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Phd; Spain), Pamplona; Karafiath, S.; (University of Utah School of Medicine, Md; Lake City, Salt; USA), ; Katzberg, H. D.; (University of Toronto, Md; Canada), Toronto; Kiers, L.; (University of Melbourne, Md; Melbourne Hospital, Royal; Australia), Parkville; Kieseier, B. C.; (Heinrich Heine University, Md; Germany), Düsseldorf; Kimpinski, K.; (University Hospital, Md; London-Ontario, Lhsc; Canada), ; Kuwabara, S.; Md, ; (Chiba University, Phd; Japan), Chiba; Kwan, J. Y.; (University of Maryland School of Medicine, Md; USA), Baltimore; Ladha, S. S.; (Barrow Neurology Clinics, Md; Arizona, Phoenix; USA), ; Lawson, V.; (Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Md; USA), Columbus; Lehmann, H.; Md, ; (University Hospital of Cologne, Phd; Köln, Universitätsklinikum; Germany), Cologne; Manji, H.; Md, ; (Ipswich Hospital, Frcp; UK), Ipswich; Marfia, G. A.; (Neurological Clinic, Md; Tor Vergata, Policlinico; Italy), Rome; Márquez Infante, C.; (Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Md; Spain), Seville; Mattiazzi, M. G.; (Hospital Militar Central, Md; Aires, Buenos; Argentina), ; Mcdermott, C. J.; (Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Md; Clinical, Nihr; UK), Sheffield; Monges, M. S.; Garrahan, MD (Hospital de Pediatría J. P.; Aires, Buenos; Argentina), ; Morís de la Tassa, G.; (Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Md; Spain), Asturias; Nascimbene, C.; Md, ; (Luigi Sacco Hospital, Phd; Italy), Milan; Nobile Orazio, E.; Md, ; (Milan University, Phd; Clinicala and Research Institute Milan, Humanitas; Italy), ; Nowak, R. J.; (Yale University School of Medicine, Md; Haven, New; USA), ; Osei-Bonsu (James Cook University Hospital, M.; UK), Middlesbrough; Pardo Fernandez (Hospital Clínico de Santiago, J.; de Compostela (A Coruña), Santiago; Spain), ; Querol Gutierrez, L.; Md, ; i Sant Pau, PhD (Hospital de la Santa Creu; Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat; Spain), Barcelona; Reisin (Hospital Britanico, R.; Aires, Buenos; Argentina), ; Rinaldi, S.; Mbchb, ; Roberts, PhD (University of Oxford R. C.; (Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge, Md; UK), Cambridge; Rojas-Marcos, I.; (Hospital Univesitario Reina Sofia, Md; Spain), Cordoba; Rudnicki, S. A.; (University of Arkansas, Md; USA), Fayetteville; Schenone, A.; Md, ; Department of Neurosciences, PhD (1.; Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation; and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), Genetics; of Genova, University; Genova, ; IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Italy 2.; Italy), Genova; Sedano Tous, M. J.; (Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Md; Cantabria, Santander; Spain), ; Shahrizaila, N.; (Neurology Unit, Md; of Medicine, Department; of Medicine, Faculty; of Malaya, University; Malaya), ; Sheikh, K.; Md, ; (The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Phd; USA), Houston; Silvestri, N. J.; (Buffalo General Medical Center, Md; Ny, Buffalo; USA), ; Sommer, C. L.; (Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Md; Germany), Würzburg; Varrato, J. D.; (Lehigh Valley Health Network, Do; USA), Allentown; Verschuuren, J.; Md, ; (Leiden University Medical Centre, Phd; Leiden, ; Netherlands), The; Vytopil, M. V.; Md, ; Waheed, PhD (Tufts University School of Medicine Lahey Hospital W.; (University of Vermont Medical Center, Md; USA), Burlington; Zhou, L.; Md, ; (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Phd; York, New; Badrising, USA). Other collaborators were:U. A.; Md, ; (Leiden University Medical Centre, Phd; Leiden, ; Netherlands), The; Bella, I. R.; (University of Mass Medical School, Md; USA), Worcester; Bunschoten, C.; Md, ; candidate (Erasmus University Medical Centre, Phd; Rotterdam, ; Netherlands), The; Bürmann, J.; Md, ; des Saarlandes, Universitätsklinikum; Germany), Homburg; Busby, M.; (Leeds General Infirmary, Md; UK), Bradford; Chao, C. C.; Md, ; (National Taiwan University Hospital, Phd; Taiwan), Taipei; Conti, M. E.; (University Hospital Clinicas, Md; Aires, Buenos; Argentina), ; Dalakas, M. C.; Thomas Jefferson University, MD (1.; Usa, Philadelphia; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2.; Greece), Athens; Van Damme, P.; Md, ; (University Hospital Leuven, Phd; Belgium), Leuven; Doets, A.; Md, ; candidate (Erasmus University Medical Centre, Phd; Rotterdam, ; Netherlands), The; van Dijk, G. W.; (Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Md; Nijmegen, ; Netherlands), The; Dimachkie, M. M.; (University of Kansas Medical Center, Md; City, Kansas; USA), ; Doppler, K.; (Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Md; Germany), Würzburg; Echaniz-Laguna, A.; (Hopital de Hautepierre, Md; France), Strasbourgh; Eftimov, F.; Md, ; (Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Phd; Amsterdam, ; Netherlands), The; Fazio, R.; (Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Md; Italy), Milan; Fokke, C.; (Gelre Hospital, Md; and Apeldoorn, Zutphen; Netherlands), The; Fulgenzi, E. A.; (Hospital Cesar Milstein Buenos Aires, Md; Aires, Buenos; Argentina), ; Garssen, M. P. J.; Md, ; (Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Phd; Hertogenbosch, ’S; and Drunen, Zaltbommel; Netherlands), The; Gijsbers, C. J.; (Vlietland Hospital, Md; Schiedam, ; Netherlands), The; Gilhuis, J.; Md, ; (Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Phd; Delft, ; Netherlands), The; Grapperon, A.; (CHU Timone, Md; France), Marseille; Hsieh, S. T.; Md, ; (National Taiwan University Hospital, Phd; Taiwan), Taipei; Illa, I.; Md, ; i Sant Pau, PhD (Hospital de la Santa Creu; Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat; Spain), Barcelona; Islam, B.; Md, ; (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Phd; (icddr, Bangladesh; Dhaka, b); Bangladesh), ; Jellema, K.; Md, ; (Haaglanden Medisch Centrum, Phd; Hague, The; Netherlands), The; Kaida, K.; Md, ; (National Defense Medical College, Phd; Japan), Saitama; Kokubun, N.; (Dokkyo Medical University, Md; Japan), Tochigi; Kolb, N.; (University of Vermont, Md; Vt, Burlington; USA), ; van Koningsveld, R.; Md, ; (Elkerliek Hospital, Phd; and Deurne, Helmond; Netherlands), The; van der Kooi, A. J.; Md, ; (Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Phd; Amsterdam, ; Netherlands), The; Kuitwaard, K.; Md, ; (Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Phd; Dordrecht, ; Netherlands), The; Landschoff Lassen, L.; (Glostrup Hospital, Md; Denmark), Glostrup; Leonhard, S. E.; Md, ; candidate (Erasmus University Medical Centre, Phd; Rotterdam, ; Netherlands), The; Mandarakas, M.; Md, ; (Erasmus University Medical Centre, Phd; Rotterdam, ; Netherlands), The; Martinez Hernandez, E.; i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), MD (Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi; Clinic, Hospital; Spain), Barcelona; Mohammad, Q. D.; Md, ; (National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Phd; Bangladesh), Dhaka; Pulley, M.; (University of Florida, Md; USA), Jacksonville; Rajabally, Y. A.; Md, ; (Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Phd; UK), Birmingham; Reddel, S. W.; Md, ; (Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Phd; Australia), Sydney; van der Ree, T.; (Westfriesgasthuis, Md; Hoorn, ; Netherlands), The; Roodbol, J.; Md, ; candidate (Erasmus University Medical Centre, Phd; Rotterdam, ; Netherlands), The; Sachs, G. M.; (University of Rhode Island, Md; USA), Providence; Samijn, J. P. A.; Md, ; (Maasstad Hospital, Phd; Rotterdam, ; Netherlands), The; Santoro, L.; Md, ; (University Federico II, Phd; Italy), Napels; Stein, B.; Joseph’s Regional Medical Center, MD (St.; USA), Paterson; Vermeij, F. H.; (Franciscus Gasthuis, Md; Rotterdam, ; Netherlands), The; Visser, L. H.; Md, ; (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Phd; and Waalwijk, Tilburg; Netherlands), The; Willison, H. J.; Md, ; (University of Glasgow, Phd; UK), Glasgow; Wirtz, P.; Md, ; (HagaZiekenhuis, Phd; Hague, The; Netherlands), The; Zivkovich, S. A.; Md, ; (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Phd; USA)., Pittsburgh. - In: JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY. - ISSN 0022-3050. - 91:2(2020), pp. 1-9. [10.1136/jnnp-2019-321496]

Second IVIg course in Guillain-Barré syndrome with poor prognosis. The non-randomised ISID study

G. Antonini;
2020

Abstract

Objective To compare disease course in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) with a poor prognosis who were treated with one or with two intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) courses. Methods From the International GBS Outcome Study, we selected patients whose modified Erasmus GBS Outcome Score at week 1 predicted a poor prognosis. We compared those treated with one IVIg course to those treated with two IVIg courses. The primary endpoint, the GBS disability scale at 4 weeks, was assessed with multivariable ordinal regression. Results Of 237 eligible patients, 199 patients received a single IVIg course. Twenty patients received an α early' second IVIg course (1-2 weeks after start of the first IVIg course) and 18 patients a α late' second IVIg course (2-4 weeks after start of IVIg). At baseline and 1 week, those receiving two IVIg courses were more disabled than those receiving one course. Compared with the one course group, the adjusted OR for a better GBS disability score at 4 weeks was 0.70 (95%CI 0.16 to 3.04) for the early group and 0.66 (95%CI 0.18 to 2.50) for the late group. The secondary endpoints were not in favour of a second IVIg course. Conclusions This observational study did not show better outcomes after a second IVIg course in GBS with poor prognosis. The study was limited by small numbers and baseline imbalances. Lack of improvement was likely an incentive to start a second IVIg course. A prospective randomised trial is needed to evaluate whether a second IVIg course improves outcome in GBS.
2020
guillain-barré syndrome; poor prognosis; second ivig course; treatment; adult; aged; disability evaluation; female; guillain-barre syndrome; humans; immunoglobulin g; immunoglobulins; intravenous; immunologic factors; male; middle aged; prognosis; time factors; treatment outcome; drug administration schedule
01 Pubblicazione su rivista::01a Articolo in rivista
Second IVIg course in Guillain-Barré syndrome with poor prognosis. The non-randomised ISID study / C., Verboon; B., Van Den Berg; D. R., Cornblath; E., Venema; K. C., Gorson; M. P., Lunn; H., Lingsma; P., Van Den Bergh; T., Harbo; K., Bateman; Y., Pereon; So. H., Sindrup; S., Kusunoki; J., Miller; Z., Islam; H. -P., Hartung; G., Chavada; B. C., Jacobs; R. A. C., Hughes; Addington, Van Doorn P. A. J. M.; (University of Virginia, Md; USA), Charlottesville; on October 7, S. Consortia. Protected by copyright.; Downloaded from 8 Verboon C, 2019 at Uppsala Universitet BIBSAM http://jnnp. bmj. com/ J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10. 1136/jnnp-2019-321496 on 5 October 2019.; J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019, et al.; 1136/jnnp-2019-321496 Neuromuscular Ajroud-Driss, 0:1–9. doi:10.; (Northwestern University Feinberg, Md; USA), Chicago; Antonini, G.; (Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Md; University, Sapienza; Hospital, Sant’Andrea; Italy), Rome; Attarian, S.; Md, ; (CHU Timone, Phd; France), Marseille; Barroso, F. A.; (Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea, Md; Fleni, ; Aires, Buenos; Argentina), ; Benedetti, L.; Md, ; (Ospedale Sant’ Andrea La Spezia, Phd; Spezia, La; Italy), ; Bertorini, T. E.; (The University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Md; USA), Memphis; Brannagan, T. H.; (Columbia University, Md; York City, New; USA), ; Briani, C.; (University of Padova, Md; Italy), Padova; Bhavaraju-Sanka, R.; (University Hospital/University of Texas Health Science Center, Md; Antonio Texas, San; USA), ; Butterworth, S.; (Pinderfields Hospital, Md; UK), Wakefield; Casasnovas, C.; Md, ; Ciberer, PhD (Bellvitge University Hospital – IDIBELL Neurometabolic Diseases Group.; Spain), Barcelona; Cavaletti, G.; (University Milano-Bicocca, Md; Italy), Monza; Chen, S.; Md, ; (Rutgers, Phd; Wood Johnson University Hospital, Robert; Brunswick, New; USA), ; Claeys, K. G.; Md, ; University Hospitals Leuven, PhD (1.; Belgium, Leuven; KU Leuven, 2.; Belgium), Leuven; Cosgrove, J. S.; (Leeds General Infirmary, Md; UK), Leeds; Davidson, A.; (University of Glasgow, Md; UK), Glasgow; Dardiotis, E.; (University of Thessaly, Md; of Larissa, Hospital; Greece), Larissa; Dornonville de la Cour, C.; (National Hospital Copenhagen, Md; Denmark), Copenhagen; Faber, C. G.; Md, ; (Maastricht University Medical Centre, Phd; Maastricht, ; Netherlands), The; Feasby, T. E.; (University of Calgary, Md; Canada), Calgary; Fujioka, T.; (Toho University Medical Center, Md; Japan), Tokyo; Galassi, G.; (University Hospital of Modena, Md; Italy), Modena; Gilchrist, J. M.; (Soulthern Illinois University School of Medicine, Md; USA), Springfield; Goyal, N. A.; (University of California, Md; USA), Irvine; Granit, V.; (Montefiore Medical, Md; Center, ; York, New; USA), ; Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, G.; (Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofia, Md; Sebastian, San; Spain), ; Hadden, R. D. M.; Md, ; (King’s College Hospital, Phd; UK), London; Holt, J. K. L.; Phd, ; (The Walton Centre, Frcp; UK), Liverpool; Htut, M.; George’s Hospital, MD (St.; UK), London; Jericó Pascual, I.; Md, ; (Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Phd; Spain), Pamplona; Karafiath, S.; (University of Utah School of Medicine, Md; Lake City, Salt; USA), ; Katzberg, H. D.; (University of Toronto, Md; Canada), Toronto; Kiers, L.; (University of Melbourne, Md; Melbourne Hospital, Royal; Australia), Parkville; Kieseier, B. C.; (Heinrich Heine University, Md; Germany), Düsseldorf; Kimpinski, K.; (University Hospital, Md; London-Ontario, Lhsc; Canada), ; Kuwabara, S.; Md, ; (Chiba University, Phd; Japan), Chiba; Kwan, J. Y.; (University of Maryland School of Medicine, Md; USA), Baltimore; Ladha, S. S.; (Barrow Neurology Clinics, Md; Arizona, Phoenix; USA), ; Lawson, V.; (Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Md; USA), Columbus; Lehmann, H.; Md, ; (University Hospital of Cologne, Phd; Köln, Universitätsklinikum; Germany), Cologne; Manji, H.; Md, ; (Ipswich Hospital, Frcp; UK), Ipswich; Marfia, G. A.; (Neurological Clinic, Md; Tor Vergata, Policlinico; Italy), Rome; Márquez Infante, C.; (Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Md; Spain), Seville; Mattiazzi, M. G.; (Hospital Militar Central, Md; Aires, Buenos; Argentina), ; Mcdermott, C. J.; (Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Md; Clinical, Nihr; UK), Sheffield; Monges, M. S.; Garrahan, MD (Hospital de Pediatría J. P.; Aires, Buenos; Argentina), ; Morís de la Tassa, G.; (Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Md; Spain), Asturias; Nascimbene, C.; Md, ; (Luigi Sacco Hospital, Phd; Italy), Milan; Nobile Orazio, E.; Md, ; (Milan University, Phd; Clinicala and Research Institute Milan, Humanitas; Italy), ; Nowak, R. J.; (Yale University School of Medicine, Md; Haven, New; USA), ; Osei-Bonsu (James Cook University Hospital, M.; UK), Middlesbrough; Pardo Fernandez (Hospital Clínico de Santiago, J.; de Compostela (A Coruña), Santiago; Spain), ; Querol Gutierrez, L.; Md, ; i Sant Pau, PhD (Hospital de la Santa Creu; Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat; Spain), Barcelona; Reisin (Hospital Britanico, R.; Aires, Buenos; Argentina), ; Rinaldi, S.; Mbchb, ; Roberts, PhD (University of Oxford R. C.; (Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge, Md; UK), Cambridge; Rojas-Marcos, I.; (Hospital Univesitario Reina Sofia, Md; Spain), Cordoba; Rudnicki, S. A.; (University of Arkansas, Md; USA), Fayetteville; Schenone, A.; Md, ; Department of Neurosciences, PhD (1.; Ophthalmology, Rehabilitation; and Maternal and Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), Genetics; of Genova, University; Genova, ; IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Italy 2.; Italy), Genova; Sedano Tous, M. J.; (Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Md; Cantabria, Santander; Spain), ; Shahrizaila, N.; (Neurology Unit, Md; of Medicine, Department; of Medicine, Faculty; of Malaya, University; Malaya), ; Sheikh, K.; Md, ; (The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Phd; USA), Houston; Silvestri, N. J.; (Buffalo General Medical Center, Md; Ny, Buffalo; USA), ; Sommer, C. L.; (Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Md; Germany), Würzburg; Varrato, J. D.; (Lehigh Valley Health Network, Do; USA), Allentown; Verschuuren, J.; Md, ; (Leiden University Medical Centre, Phd; Leiden, ; Netherlands), The; Vytopil, M. V.; Md, ; Waheed, PhD (Tufts University School of Medicine Lahey Hospital W.; (University of Vermont Medical Center, Md; USA), Burlington; Zhou, L.; Md, ; (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Phd; York, New; Badrising, USA). Other collaborators were:U. A.; Md, ; (Leiden University Medical Centre, Phd; Leiden, ; Netherlands), The; Bella, I. R.; (University of Mass Medical School, Md; USA), Worcester; Bunschoten, C.; Md, ; candidate (Erasmus University Medical Centre, Phd; Rotterdam, ; Netherlands), The; Bürmann, J.; Md, ; des Saarlandes, Universitätsklinikum; Germany), Homburg; Busby, M.; (Leeds General Infirmary, Md; UK), Bradford; Chao, C. C.; Md, ; (National Taiwan University Hospital, Phd; Taiwan), Taipei; Conti, M. E.; (University Hospital Clinicas, Md; Aires, Buenos; Argentina), ; Dalakas, M. C.; Thomas Jefferson University, MD (1.; Usa, Philadelphia; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2.; Greece), Athens; Van Damme, P.; Md, ; (University Hospital Leuven, Phd; Belgium), Leuven; Doets, A.; Md, ; candidate (Erasmus University Medical Centre, Phd; Rotterdam, ; Netherlands), The; van Dijk, G. W.; (Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Md; Nijmegen, ; Netherlands), The; Dimachkie, M. M.; (University of Kansas Medical Center, Md; City, Kansas; USA), ; Doppler, K.; (Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Md; Germany), Würzburg; Echaniz-Laguna, A.; (Hopital de Hautepierre, Md; France), Strasbourgh; Eftimov, F.; Md, ; (Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Phd; Amsterdam, ; Netherlands), The; Fazio, R.; (Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Md; Italy), Milan; Fokke, C.; (Gelre Hospital, Md; and Apeldoorn, Zutphen; Netherlands), The; Fulgenzi, E. A.; (Hospital Cesar Milstein Buenos Aires, Md; Aires, Buenos; Argentina), ; Garssen, M. P. J.; Md, ; (Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Phd; Hertogenbosch, ’S; and Drunen, Zaltbommel; Netherlands), The; Gijsbers, C. J.; (Vlietland Hospital, Md; Schiedam, ; Netherlands), The; Gilhuis, J.; Md, ; (Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Phd; Delft, ; Netherlands), The; Grapperon, A.; (CHU Timone, Md; France), Marseille; Hsieh, S. T.; Md, ; (National Taiwan University Hospital, Phd; Taiwan), Taipei; Illa, I.; Md, ; i Sant Pau, PhD (Hospital de la Santa Creu; Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat; Spain), Barcelona; Islam, B.; Md, ; (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Phd; (icddr, Bangladesh; Dhaka, b); Bangladesh), ; Jellema, K.; Md, ; (Haaglanden Medisch Centrum, Phd; Hague, The; Netherlands), The; Kaida, K.; Md, ; (National Defense Medical College, Phd; Japan), Saitama; Kokubun, N.; (Dokkyo Medical University, Md; Japan), Tochigi; Kolb, N.; (University of Vermont, Md; Vt, Burlington; USA), ; van Koningsveld, R.; Md, ; (Elkerliek Hospital, Phd; and Deurne, Helmond; Netherlands), The; van der Kooi, A. J.; Md, ; (Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Phd; Amsterdam, ; Netherlands), The; Kuitwaard, K.; Md, ; (Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Phd; Dordrecht, ; Netherlands), The; Landschoff Lassen, L.; (Glostrup Hospital, Md; Denmark), Glostrup; Leonhard, S. E.; Md, ; candidate (Erasmus University Medical Centre, Phd; Rotterdam, ; Netherlands), The; Mandarakas, M.; Md, ; (Erasmus University Medical Centre, Phd; Rotterdam, ; Netherlands), The; Martinez Hernandez, E.; i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), MD (Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi; Clinic, Hospital; Spain), Barcelona; Mohammad, Q. D.; Md, ; (National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Phd; Bangladesh), Dhaka; Pulley, M.; (University of Florida, Md; USA), Jacksonville; Rajabally, Y. A.; Md, ; (Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Phd; UK), Birmingham; Reddel, S. W.; Md, ; (Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Phd; Australia), Sydney; van der Ree, T.; (Westfriesgasthuis, Md; Hoorn, ; Netherlands), The; Roodbol, J.; Md, ; candidate (Erasmus University Medical Centre, Phd; Rotterdam, ; Netherlands), The; Sachs, G. M.; (University of Rhode Island, Md; USA), Providence; Samijn, J. P. A.; Md, ; (Maasstad Hospital, Phd; Rotterdam, ; Netherlands), The; Santoro, L.; Md, ; (University Federico II, Phd; Italy), Napels; Stein, B.; Joseph’s Regional Medical Center, MD (St.; USA), Paterson; Vermeij, F. H.; (Franciscus Gasthuis, Md; Rotterdam, ; Netherlands), The; Visser, L. H.; Md, ; (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Phd; and Waalwijk, Tilburg; Netherlands), The; Willison, H. J.; Md, ; (University of Glasgow, Phd; UK), Glasgow; Wirtz, P.; Md, ; (HagaZiekenhuis, Phd; Hague, The; Netherlands), The; Zivkovich, S. A.; Md, ; (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Phd; USA)., Pittsburgh. - In: JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY. - ISSN 0022-3050. - 91:2(2020), pp. 1-9. [10.1136/jnnp-2019-321496]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1509595
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