For centuries disputed because of its location and the presence of an important shipyard, at the end of the Great War Fiume was the centre of a bitter dispute between Rome and Belgrade. At the same time the city had been part of the Kingdom of Hungary and its fate was also followed carefully in Budapest. As a matter of fact, unlike other territories, however, the city assumed a political value that went beyond revisionist tendencies. In the case of Fiume, the real question was not his return to Hungary –also given the very limited Magyar presence in the city– but the possibility that the dispute between Italians and Yugoslavs for his possession could secure Italian support to Hungary. Rome was in fact the only great power that could have favoured Hungarian interests. The Treaty of Rapallo, closing the dispute on the Italian eastern border and Fiume, represented a short-lived rapprochement between Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes; an unexpected and dangerous turn that the Hungarians could not easily accept and that risked jeopardizing relations with Rome. The Treaty of Rapallo and its consequences went beyond the treaties of Saint-Germain and Trianon. It represented their natural completion and at the same time could have been the beginning of a new political phase that Budapest could not afford to ignore.
Per secoli ambita a causa della sua posizione geografica e della presenza in città di un importante cantiere navale, alla fine della Grande Guerra Fiume si ritrovò al centro di un’aspra contesa tra Roma e Belgrado. Al tempo stesso la città era stata parte del Regno d’Ungheria e il suo destino era seguito con attenzione anche a Budapest. In realtà, a differenza di altri territori la città assumeva però un valore politico che andava al di là delle tendenze revisioniste. Nel caso di Fiume infatti la vera questione non era un suo ritorno all’Ungheria – anche vista la limitatissima presenza magiara in città – ma la possibilità che la contesa tra italiani e jugoslavi per il suo possesso potesse risultare utile all’Ungheria per garantirsi il sostegno dell’Italia, unica grande potenza che avrebbe potuto favorire gli interessi ungheresi. Il Trattato di Rapallo, chiudendo la disputa sul confine orientale italiano e su Fiume rappresentò un momentaneo riavvicinamento tra Italia e Regno dei Serbi, Croati e Sloveni; un’inattesa e pericolosa svolta che gli ungheresi non potevano accogliere con tranquillità e che rischiò di mettere in crisi i rapporti con Roma. Il Trattato di Rapallo e le sue conseguenze andava oltre i trattati di Saint-Germain e del Trianon, ne rappresentava il naturale completamento e al tempo stesso avrebbe potuto essere l’inizio di una nuova fase politica che Budapest non poteva permettersi di ignorare.
Oltre il Trianon. L'Ungheria e il Trattato di Rapallo / Vagnini, Alessandro. - In: RSU. RIVISTA DI STUDI UNGHERESI. - ISSN 1125-520X. - 19:(2020), pp. 229-246.
Oltre il Trianon. L'Ungheria e il Trattato di Rapallo
vagnini
2020
Abstract
For centuries disputed because of its location and the presence of an important shipyard, at the end of the Great War Fiume was the centre of a bitter dispute between Rome and Belgrade. At the same time the city had been part of the Kingdom of Hungary and its fate was also followed carefully in Budapest. As a matter of fact, unlike other territories, however, the city assumed a political value that went beyond revisionist tendencies. In the case of Fiume, the real question was not his return to Hungary –also given the very limited Magyar presence in the city– but the possibility that the dispute between Italians and Yugoslavs for his possession could secure Italian support to Hungary. Rome was in fact the only great power that could have favoured Hungarian interests. The Treaty of Rapallo, closing the dispute on the Italian eastern border and Fiume, represented a short-lived rapprochement between Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes; an unexpected and dangerous turn that the Hungarians could not easily accept and that risked jeopardizing relations with Rome. The Treaty of Rapallo and its consequences went beyond the treaties of Saint-Germain and Trianon. It represented their natural completion and at the same time could have been the beginning of a new political phase that Budapest could not afford to ignore.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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