Background: Gastrointestinal perforation is the most serious complication of typhoid fever, with a high disease burden in low-income countries. Reliable, prospective, contemporary surgical outcome data are scarce in these settings. This study aimed to investigate surgical outcomes following surgery for intestinal typhoid. Methods: Two multicentre, international prospective cohort studies of consecutive patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal typhoid perforation were conducted. Outcomes were measured at 30 days and included mortality, surgical site infection, organ space infection and reintervention rate. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to adjust for clinically plausible explanatory variables. Effect estimates are expressed as odds ratios (ORs) alongside their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 88 patients across the GlobalSurg 1 and GlobalSurg 2 studies were included, from 11 countries. Children comprised 38.6% (34/88) of included patients. Most patients (87/88) had intestinal perforation. The 30-day mortality rate was 9.1% (8/88), which was higher in children (14.7 vs. 5.6%). Surgical site infection was common, at 67.0% (59/88). Organ site infection was common, with 10.2% of patients affected. An ASA grade of III and above was a strong predictor of 30-day post-operative mortality, at the univariable level and following adjustment for explanatory variables (OR 15.82, 95% CI 1.53–163.57, p = 0.021). Conclusions: With high mortality and complication rates, outcomes from surgery for intestinal typhoid remain poor. Future studies in this area should focus on sustainable interventions which can reduce perioperative morbidity. At a policy level, improving these outcomes will require both surgical and public health system advances.

Management and Outcomes Following Surgery for Gastrointestinal Typhoid: An International, Prospective, Multicentre Cohort Study / K Anyomih, Theophilus T; M Drake, Thomas; Glasbey, James; Edward Fitzgerald, J; Ots, Riinu; M Harrison, Ewen; Tabiri, Stephen; Bhangu, Aneel; O Ademuyiwa, Adesoji; Lorena Aguilera, Maria; Alexander, Philip; W Al-Saqqa, Sara; Borda-Luque, Giuliano; Costas-Chavarri, Ainhoa; M Drake, Thomas; Ntirenganya, Faustin; Edward Fitzgerald, J; J Fergusson, Stuart; Glasbey, James; C Allen Ingabire, J; Ismaïl, Lawani; Khairy Salem, Hosni; Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Anyomih; Carmela Lapitan, Marie; Lilford, Richard; L Mihaljevic, Andre; Morton, Dion; Zeta Mutabazi, Alphonse; Nepogodiev, Dmitri; O Adisa, Adewale; Ots, Riinu; Pata, Francesco; Pinkney, Thomas; Poškus, Tomas; Uzair Qureshi, Ahmad; Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio; Rayne, Sarah; A Shaw, Catherine; Shu, Sebastian; Spence, Richard; Smart, Neil; Tabiri, Stephen; M Harrison, Ewen; O Ademuyiwa, A; Tabiri, S; Edge Manipal, Cutting; Mohan, M; Jeyakumar, J; Rahman Mitul, Ashrarur; Mahmud, Khalid; Hussain, Margub; Hakim, Hafiz; Kumar, Tapan; Oosterkamp, Antje; Abantanga, Francis; Boakye-Yiadom, Kwaku; Bukari, Mohammed; Owusu, Frank; Awuku-Asabre, Joseph; Tabiri, Stephen; Davies Bray, Lemuel; S Prasad, S; Kirishnan, Anand; Gyanchandani, Nidhi; Seshu Kumar, Bylapudi; Rangarajan, Muthukumaran; Bhat, Sriram; Sreedharan, Anjana; V Kinnera, S; Reddy, Yella; Venugopal, Caranj; Kumar, Sunil; Mittal, Abhishek; Nadkarni, Shravan; Neelamraju Lakshmi, Harish; Malik, Puneet; Limaye, Neel; Pai, Srinivas; Jain, Pratik; Khajanchi, Monty; Satoskar, Savni; Satoskar, Rajeev; Bin Mahamood, Abid; Coomber, Ross; Johnson, Kenneth; Nowers, Jennifer; Mohammad, Aminu; Anyanwu, Lofty-John; Sheshe, Abdulrahman; Adesina, Alaba; Faturoti, Olubukola; Taiwo, Ogechukwu; Habib Ibrahim, Muhammad; A Nasir, Abdulrasheed; Itopa Suleiman, Siyaka; Adeniyi, Adewale; Adesanya, Opeoluwa; Adebanjo, Ademola; Williams, Omolara; Atobatele, Kazeem; Ogunyemi, Ayokunle; Oludara, Mobolaji; Oshodi, Olabode; Osuoji, Roland; Ademuyiwa, Adesoji; Oluwagbemiga Lawal, AbdulRazzaq; Alakaloko, Felix; Elebute, Olumide; Osinowo, Adedapo; Bode, Christopher; Adesuyi, Abidemi; Tade, Adesoji; Adekoya, Adeleke; Nwokoro, Collins; O Ayandipo, Omobolaji; Akeem Lawal, Taiwo; E Ajao, Akinlabi; Sani Ali, Samuel; Odeyemi, Babatunde; Olori, Samson; Popoola, Ademola; Adeyeye, Ademola; Adeniran, James; Faisal Bhopal, Kamran; Iftikhar, Zainab; Mohsin Furqan, Muhammad; Nighat, Bakhtiar; Jawaid, Masood; Khalique, Abdul; Zil-E-Ali, Ahsan; Rashid, Anam; Abbas Dharamshi, Hasnain; Naqvi, Tahira; Faraz, Ahmad; Wahid Anwar, Abdul; Muhammad Yaseen, Tahir; Shamim Shamsi, Ghina; Shamsi, Ghina; Yaseen, Tahir; Anwer, Wahid; Pitigala Arachchi, Prasad; Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Wanigasekara; Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasooriya Arachchige, Lalith; Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya; Irusha Samaraweera, Dulan; Thanusan, Vimalakanthan; Ismaïl, Lawani; Tabiri, Stephen; Yong Tew, Yong; O Ademuyiwa, Adesoji; Gala, Tanzeela; Djivoh, Fernande; Ismaïl, Lawani; Dossou, Francis; Morel Seto, Djifid; Gaspard Gbessi, Dansou; Noukpozounkou, Bruno; Imorou Souaibou, Yacoubou; René Keke, Kpèmahouton; Hodonou, Fred; Yemalin Stephane Ahounou, Ernest; Alihonou, Thierry; Dénakpo, Max; Ahlonsou, Germain; Tabiri, Stephen; Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Anyomih; Bandoh, Dickson; Abantanga, Francis; Kyereh, Martin; Asumah, Hamza; Kofi Appiah, Eric; Wondoh, Paul; Gyedu, Adam; Dally, Charles; Agbedinu, Kwabena; Amoah, Michael; Yifieyeh, Abiboye; Owusu, Frank; Amoako-Boateng, Mabel; Dayie, Makafui; Hagan, Richmond; Debrah, Sam; Ohene-Yeboah, Micheal; Clegg-Lampety, Joe-Nat; Etwire, Victor; Dakubo, Jonathan; Essoun, Samuel; Bonney, William; Glover-Addy, Hope; Osei-Nketiah, Samuel; Amoako, Joachim; Adu-Aryee, Niiarmah; Appeadu-Mensah, William; Bediako-Bowan, Antoinette; Dedey, Florence; Ekow, Mattew; Akatibo, Emmanuel; Yakubu, Musah; Edem Kofi Kordorwu, Hope; Asare-Bediako, Kwasi; Tackie, Enoch; Aaniana, Kenneth; Acquah, Emmanuel; Opoku-Agyeman, Richard; Avoka, Anthony; Kusi, Kwasi; Maison, Kwame; Enoch Gyamfi, Frank; Naa Barnabas, Gandau; Abdul-Latif, Saiba; Taah Amoako, Philip; Davor, Anthony; Dassah, Victor; Dagoe, Enoch; Kwakyeafriyie, Prince; Akoto, Elliot; Ackom, Eric; Mensah, Ekow; Takyi Atkins, Ebenezer; Lari Coompson, Christian; Yusufali, Taha; Mohammed, Hussein; Lando, Justus; Parker, Robert; Ndegwa, Wairimu; Yih Chai, Feng; Mohd Desa Asilah, Siti; Zahid Syibrah, Khuzaimah; Xin Chin, Pui; Salleh, Afizah; Zulaika Riswan, Nur; Camilla Roslani, April; Chong, Hoong-Yin; Abdul Aziz, Nora; Poh, Keat-Seong; Chai, Chu-Ann; Kumar, Sandip; Mohammed Taher, Mustafa; Ritza Kosai, Nik; Nita Abdul Aziz, Dayang; Rajan, Reynu; Julaihi, Rokayah; Lacthman Jethwani, Durvesh; Taqiyuddin Yahaya, Muhammad; Azim Nik Abdullah, Nik; Wndy Mathew, Susan; Jun Chung, Kuet; Kumar Nirumal, Milaksh; Goh Ern Tze, R; Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan Ali, Syed; Yee Gan, Yiing; Ron Swire Ting, Jesse; Y Sii, Samuel S; Leong Koay, Kean; Koon Tan, Yi; Ee Zhiun Cheah, Alvin; Yee Wong, Chui; Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Tuan; Yern Nee Chow, Crystal; L Har, Prisca A; Der, Yishan; Yong Tew, Yong; Henry, Fitjerald; Low, Xinwei; Theng Neo, Ya; Ee Heng, Hian; Ning Kong, Shu; Gan, Cheewei; Ting Mok, Yi; Wen Tan, Yee; Palayan, Kandasami; Deva Tata, Mahadevan; Jeng Cheong, Yih; Gunaseelan, Kuhaendran; Nurul 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Wan; Yoganathan, Pigeneswaren; Xian Lee, Eu; Er Saw, Jian; Jing Yeang, Li; Ying Koh, Pei; Yee Lim, Shyang; Yi Teo, Shuang; Ajao, Akinlabi; Ayandipo, Omobolaji; Lawal, Taiwo; Abdurrazzaaq, Abdussemiu; Alada, Muslimat; Nasir, Abdulrasheed; Adeniran, James; Habeeb, Olufemi; Popoola, Ademola; Adeyeye, Ademola; Adebanjo, Ademola; Adesanya, Opeoluwa; Adeniyi, Adewale; Mendel, Henry; Bello, Bashir; Muktar, Umar; Osinowo, Adedapo; Olagboyega Olajide, Thomas; Oshati, Oyindamola; Ihediwa, George; Adenekan, Babajide; Nwinee, Victor; Alakaloko, Felix; Ademuyiwa, Adesoji; Elebute, Olumide; Lawal, Abdulrazzaq; Bode, Chris; Olugbemi, Mojolaoluwa; Adesina, Alaba; Faturoti, Olubukola; Odutola, Oluwatomi; Adebola, Oluwaseyi; Onuoha, Clement; Taiwo, Ogechukwu; Williams, Omolara; Balogun, Fatai; Ajai, Olalekan; Oludara, Mobolaji; Njokanma, Iloba; Osuoji, Roland; Kache, Stephen; Ajah, Jonathan; Makama, Jerry; Adamu, Ahmed; Baba, Suleiman; Aliyu, Mohammad; Aliyu, Shamsudeen; Ukwenya, Yahaya; Aliyu, Halima; Sholadoye, Tunde; Daniyan, Muhammad; Ogunsua, Oluseyi; Anyanwu, Lofty-John; Sheshe, Abdurrahaman; Mohammad, Aminu; Olori, Samson; Mshelbwala, Philip; Odeyemi, Babatunde; Samson, Garba; Kehinde Timothy, Oyediran; Ali Samuel, Sani; Ajiboye, Anthony; Adeyeye, Ademola; Amole, Isaac; Abiola, Olajide; Olaolorun, Akin; Nadeem, Najwa; Saqlain, Muhammad; Abbasy, Jibran; Rehman Alvi, Abdul; Gala, Tanzeela; Shahzad, Noman; Faisal Bhopal, Kamran; Iftikhar, Zainab; Talha Butt, Muhammad; Asaat Ul Razi, Syed; Ahmed, Asdaq; Khan Niazi, Ali; Raza, Ibrahim; Baluch, Fatima; Raza, Ahmed; Bani-Sadar, Ahmad; Uzair Qureshi, Ahmad; Adil, Muhammad; Raza, Awais; Javaid, Mahnoor; Waqar, Muhammad; Ali Khan, Maryam; Mohsin Arshad, Mohammad; Amjad, Mohammadasim; C Allen Ingabire, J; Zeta Mutabazi, Alphonse; Uzabumwana, Norbert; Duhoranenayo, Dieudonne; Clegg-Lamptey, Joe-Nat; Imoro, Osman; Emmanuel Abem, Owusu; Wondoh, Paul; Sale, Danjuma; Abdullahi, Lawal; Osagie, Olabisi; Faboya, Omolara; Fatuga, Adedeji; Taiwo, Agboola; Nwabuoku, Emeka; Ali Khan, Zain; Rickard, Jennifer; Ling Tan, Choy; Yng Siaw, Jia; Young Yam, Sir; Wilson, Ling; Rezal Abdul Aziz, Mohamed. - In: SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY. - ISSN 0930-2794. - 42:10(2018), pp. 3179-3188. [10.1007/s00268-018-4624-8]

Management and Outcomes Following Surgery for Gastrointestinal Typhoid: An International, Prospective, Multicentre Cohort Study

Francesco Pata;
2018

Abstract

Background: Gastrointestinal perforation is the most serious complication of typhoid fever, with a high disease burden in low-income countries. Reliable, prospective, contemporary surgical outcome data are scarce in these settings. This study aimed to investigate surgical outcomes following surgery for intestinal typhoid. Methods: Two multicentre, international prospective cohort studies of consecutive patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal typhoid perforation were conducted. Outcomes were measured at 30 days and included mortality, surgical site infection, organ space infection and reintervention rate. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to adjust for clinically plausible explanatory variables. Effect estimates are expressed as odds ratios (ORs) alongside their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 88 patients across the GlobalSurg 1 and GlobalSurg 2 studies were included, from 11 countries. Children comprised 38.6% (34/88) of included patients. Most patients (87/88) had intestinal perforation. The 30-day mortality rate was 9.1% (8/88), which was higher in children (14.7 vs. 5.6%). Surgical site infection was common, at 67.0% (59/88). Organ site infection was common, with 10.2% of patients affected. An ASA grade of III and above was a strong predictor of 30-day post-operative mortality, at the univariable level and following adjustment for explanatory variables (OR 15.82, 95% CI 1.53–163.57, p = 0.021). Conclusions: With high mortality and complication rates, outcomes from surgery for intestinal typhoid remain poor. Future studies in this area should focus on sustainable interventions which can reduce perioperative morbidity. At a policy level, improving these outcomes will require both surgical and public health system advances.
2018
typhoid; surgery; gastrointestinal
01 Pubblicazione su rivista::01l Trial clinico
Management and Outcomes Following Surgery for Gastrointestinal Typhoid: An International, Prospective, Multicentre Cohort Study / K Anyomih, Theophilus T; M Drake, Thomas; Glasbey, James; Edward Fitzgerald, J; Ots, Riinu; M Harrison, Ewen; Tabiri, Stephen; Bhangu, Aneel; O Ademuyiwa, Adesoji; Lorena Aguilera, Maria; Alexander, Philip; W Al-Saqqa, Sara; Borda-Luque, Giuliano; Costas-Chavarri, Ainhoa; M Drake, Thomas; Ntirenganya, Faustin; Edward Fitzgerald, J; J Fergusson, Stuart; Glasbey, James; C Allen Ingabire, J; Ismaïl, Lawani; Khairy Salem, Hosni; Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Anyomih; Carmela Lapitan, Marie; Lilford, Richard; L Mihaljevic, Andre; Morton, Dion; Zeta Mutabazi, Alphonse; Nepogodiev, Dmitri; O Adisa, Adewale; Ots, Riinu; Pata, Francesco; Pinkney, Thomas; Poškus, Tomas; Uzair Qureshi, Ahmad; Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio; Rayne, Sarah; A Shaw, Catherine; Shu, Sebastian; Spence, Richard; Smart, Neil; Tabiri, Stephen; M Harrison, Ewen; O Ademuyiwa, A; Tabiri, S; Edge Manipal, Cutting; Mohan, M; Jeyakumar, J; Rahman Mitul, Ashrarur; Mahmud, Khalid; Hussain, Margub; Hakim, Hafiz; Kumar, Tapan; Oosterkamp, Antje; Abantanga, Francis; Boakye-Yiadom, Kwaku; Bukari, Mohammed; Owusu, Frank; Awuku-Asabre, Joseph; Tabiri, Stephen; Davies Bray, Lemuel; S Prasad, S; Kirishnan, Anand; Gyanchandani, Nidhi; Seshu Kumar, Bylapudi; Rangarajan, Muthukumaran; Bhat, Sriram; Sreedharan, Anjana; V Kinnera, S; Reddy, Yella; Venugopal, Caranj; Kumar, Sunil; Mittal, Abhishek; Nadkarni, Shravan; Neelamraju Lakshmi, Harish; Malik, Puneet; Limaye, Neel; Pai, Srinivas; Jain, Pratik; Khajanchi, Monty; Satoskar, Savni; Satoskar, Rajeev; Bin Mahamood, Abid; Coomber, Ross; Johnson, Kenneth; Nowers, Jennifer; Mohammad, Aminu; Anyanwu, Lofty-John; Sheshe, Abdulrahman; Adesina, Alaba; Faturoti, Olubukola; Taiwo, Ogechukwu; Habib Ibrahim, Muhammad; A Nasir, Abdulrasheed; Itopa Suleiman, Siyaka; Adeniyi, Adewale; Adesanya, Opeoluwa; Adebanjo, Ademola; Williams, Omolara; Atobatele, Kazeem; Ogunyemi, Ayokunle; Oludara, Mobolaji; Oshodi, Olabode; Osuoji, Roland; Ademuyiwa, Adesoji; Oluwagbemiga Lawal, AbdulRazzaq; Alakaloko, Felix; Elebute, Olumide; Osinowo, Adedapo; Bode, Christopher; Adesuyi, Abidemi; Tade, Adesoji; Adekoya, Adeleke; Nwokoro, Collins; O Ayandipo, Omobolaji; Akeem Lawal, Taiwo; E Ajao, Akinlabi; Sani Ali, Samuel; Odeyemi, Babatunde; Olori, Samson; Popoola, Ademola; Adeyeye, Ademola; Adeniran, James; Faisal Bhopal, Kamran; Iftikhar, Zainab; Mohsin Furqan, Muhammad; Nighat, Bakhtiar; Jawaid, Masood; Khalique, Abdul; Zil-E-Ali, Ahsan; Rashid, Anam; Abbas Dharamshi, Hasnain; Naqvi, Tahira; Faraz, Ahmad; Wahid Anwar, Abdul; Muhammad Yaseen, Tahir; Shamim Shamsi, Ghina; Shamsi, Ghina; Yaseen, Tahir; Anwer, Wahid; Pitigala Arachchi, Prasad; Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Wanigasekara; Asanka Jayasooriya Jayasooriya Arachchige, Lalith; Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya; Irusha Samaraweera, Dulan; Thanusan, Vimalakanthan; Ismaïl, Lawani; Tabiri, Stephen; Yong Tew, Yong; O Ademuyiwa, Adesoji; Gala, Tanzeela; Djivoh, Fernande; Ismaïl, Lawani; Dossou, Francis; Morel Seto, Djifid; Gaspard Gbessi, Dansou; Noukpozounkou, Bruno; Imorou Souaibou, Yacoubou; René Keke, Kpèmahouton; Hodonou, Fred; Yemalin Stephane Ahounou, Ernest; Alihonou, Thierry; Dénakpo, Max; Ahlonsou, Germain; Tabiri, Stephen; Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Anyomih; Bandoh, Dickson; Abantanga, Francis; Kyereh, Martin; Asumah, Hamza; Kofi Appiah, Eric; Wondoh, Paul; Gyedu, Adam; Dally, Charles; Agbedinu, Kwabena; Amoah, Michael; Yifieyeh, Abiboye; Owusu, Frank; Amoako-Boateng, Mabel; Dayie, Makafui; Hagan, Richmond; Debrah, Sam; Ohene-Yeboah, Micheal; Clegg-Lampety, Joe-Nat; Etwire, Victor; Dakubo, Jonathan; Essoun, Samuel; Bonney, William; Glover-Addy, Hope; Osei-Nketiah, Samuel; Amoako, Joachim; Adu-Aryee, Niiarmah; Appeadu-Mensah, William; Bediako-Bowan, Antoinette; Dedey, Florence; Ekow, Mattew; Akatibo, Emmanuel; Yakubu, Musah; Edem Kofi Kordorwu, Hope; Asare-Bediako, Kwasi; Tackie, Enoch; Aaniana, Kenneth; Acquah, Emmanuel; Opoku-Agyeman, Richard; Avoka, Anthony; Kusi, Kwasi; Maison, Kwame; Enoch Gyamfi, Frank; Naa Barnabas, Gandau; Abdul-Latif, Saiba; Taah Amoako, Philip; Davor, Anthony; Dassah, Victor; Dagoe, Enoch; Kwakyeafriyie, Prince; Akoto, Elliot; Ackom, Eric; Mensah, Ekow; Takyi Atkins, Ebenezer; Lari Coompson, Christian; Yusufali, Taha; Mohammed, Hussein; Lando, Justus; Parker, Robert; Ndegwa, Wairimu; Yih Chai, Feng; Mohd Desa Asilah, Siti; Zahid Syibrah, Khuzaimah; Xin Chin, Pui; Salleh, Afizah; Zulaika Riswan, Nur; Camilla Roslani, April; Chong, Hoong-Yin; Abdul Aziz, Nora; Poh, Keat-Seong; Chai, Chu-Ann; Kumar, Sandip; Mohammed Taher, Mustafa; Ritza Kosai, Nik; Nita Abdul Aziz, Dayang; Rajan, Reynu; Julaihi, Rokayah; Lacthman Jethwani, Durvesh; Taqiyuddin Yahaya, Muhammad; Azim Nik Abdullah, Nik; Wndy Mathew, Susan; Jun Chung, Kuet; Kumar Nirumal, Milaksh; Goh Ern Tze, R; Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan Ali, Syed; Yee Gan, Yiing; Ron Swire Ting, Jesse; Y Sii, Samuel S; Leong Koay, Kean; Koon Tan, Yi; Ee Zhiun Cheah, Alvin; Yee Wong, Chui; Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Tuan; Yern Nee Chow, Crystal; L Har, Prisca A; Der, Yishan; Yong Tew, Yong; Henry, Fitjerald; Low, Xinwei; Theng Neo, Ya; Ee Heng, Hian; Ning Kong, Shu; Gan, Cheewei; Ting Mok, Yi; Wen Tan, Yee; Palayan, Kandasami; Deva Tata, Mahadevan; Jeng Cheong, Yih; Gunaseelan, Kuhaendran; Nurul 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Wan; Yoganathan, Pigeneswaren; Xian Lee, Eu; Er Saw, Jian; Jing Yeang, Li; Ying Koh, Pei; Yee Lim, Shyang; Yi Teo, Shuang; Ajao, Akinlabi; Ayandipo, Omobolaji; Lawal, Taiwo; Abdurrazzaaq, Abdussemiu; Alada, Muslimat; Nasir, Abdulrasheed; Adeniran, James; Habeeb, Olufemi; Popoola, Ademola; Adeyeye, Ademola; Adebanjo, Ademola; Adesanya, Opeoluwa; Adeniyi, Adewale; Mendel, Henry; Bello, Bashir; Muktar, Umar; Osinowo, Adedapo; Olagboyega Olajide, Thomas; Oshati, Oyindamola; Ihediwa, George; Adenekan, Babajide; Nwinee, Victor; Alakaloko, Felix; Ademuyiwa, Adesoji; Elebute, Olumide; Lawal, Abdulrazzaq; Bode, Chris; Olugbemi, Mojolaoluwa; Adesina, Alaba; Faturoti, Olubukola; Odutola, Oluwatomi; Adebola, Oluwaseyi; Onuoha, Clement; Taiwo, Ogechukwu; Williams, Omolara; Balogun, Fatai; Ajai, Olalekan; Oludara, Mobolaji; Njokanma, Iloba; Osuoji, Roland; Kache, Stephen; Ajah, Jonathan; Makama, Jerry; Adamu, Ahmed; Baba, Suleiman; Aliyu, Mohammad; Aliyu, Shamsudeen; Ukwenya, Yahaya; Aliyu, Halima; Sholadoye, Tunde; Daniyan, Muhammad; Ogunsua, Oluseyi; Anyanwu, Lofty-John; Sheshe, Abdurrahaman; Mohammad, Aminu; Olori, Samson; Mshelbwala, Philip; Odeyemi, Babatunde; Samson, Garba; Kehinde Timothy, Oyediran; Ali Samuel, Sani; Ajiboye, Anthony; Adeyeye, Ademola; Amole, Isaac; Abiola, Olajide; Olaolorun, Akin; Nadeem, Najwa; Saqlain, Muhammad; Abbasy, Jibran; Rehman Alvi, Abdul; Gala, Tanzeela; Shahzad, Noman; Faisal Bhopal, Kamran; Iftikhar, Zainab; Talha Butt, Muhammad; Asaat Ul Razi, Syed; Ahmed, Asdaq; Khan Niazi, Ali; Raza, Ibrahim; Baluch, Fatima; Raza, Ahmed; Bani-Sadar, Ahmad; Uzair Qureshi, Ahmad; Adil, Muhammad; Raza, Awais; Javaid, Mahnoor; Waqar, Muhammad; Ali Khan, Maryam; Mohsin Arshad, Mohammad; Amjad, Mohammadasim; C Allen Ingabire, J; Zeta Mutabazi, Alphonse; Uzabumwana, Norbert; Duhoranenayo, Dieudonne; Clegg-Lamptey, Joe-Nat; Imoro, Osman; Emmanuel Abem, Owusu; Wondoh, Paul; Sale, Danjuma; Abdullahi, Lawal; Osagie, Olabisi; Faboya, Omolara; Fatuga, Adedeji; Taiwo, Agboola; Nwabuoku, Emeka; Ali Khan, Zain; Rickard, Jennifer; Ling Tan, Choy; Yng Siaw, Jia; Young Yam, Sir; Wilson, Ling; Rezal Abdul Aziz, Mohamed. - In: SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY. - ISSN 0930-2794. - 42:10(2018), pp. 3179-3188. [10.1007/s00268-018-4624-8]
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