Un percorso storico–didattico alle origini della fisica quantistica. Max Planck, la radiazione di corpo nero e l’ipotesi quantistica. Parte I.

On the occasion of the centenary of the Nobel Prize to Max Planck, we propose a historical-didactic path on the origins of the quantum hypothesis in the light of the National High School Guidelines and the modalities with which this hypothesis is shown in the physics manuals of the secondary school. This Part I, for didactic aims, includes: some methodological indications, the criticalities related to the black body model, an alternative method of derivation of the Planck constant based on dimensional analysis. Forthcoming Parts will deal with the history of the laws of "thermal radiation", according to the original contributions produced by physicists between 1859 and 1900, and the stages of the original and revolutionary Planck's path towards the quantization of energy.