Vitamin K deficiency and covid-19

Summarizing, the results of this study suggest that vitamin K deficiency is frequently observed in COVID-19 patients and that the deficit is greater in males than in females. In addition, in male patients, vitamin K deficiency is associated with a greater IL-6 level in the general circulation. In conclusion, we propose that vitamin K deficiency could support both cytokine storm Th2 by increasing proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, which is involved in the building up of the inflammatory response recruiting both cellular and humoral components. Besides, it can also contribute to those events involved in vascular calcification leading to thrombosis and disseminate intravascular coagulation (DIC), which feature the microvascular damage observed in COVID patients The results of this study highlight the role of Vitamin K as a possible modifiable risk factor for a more severe evolution of COVID-19 in infected patients with clinical symptoms. While a cause-effect relationship has not be established, our findings support further investigating the role of vitamin K in this clinical setting.