Graves' disease (GD) is characterized by thyrotoxicosis, caused by the presence of circulating thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb), that are determinant also in the pathogenesis of its extrathyroidal manifestations [Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), pretibial myxedema]. T helper (Th)1 immune response prevails in the immune-pathogenesis of GD and GO, during the active phase, when Th1 chemokines, and their (C-X-C)R3 receptor, play a key role. In GD, the existing treatments are not ideal for hyperthyroidism (long-term remission with anti-thyroid-drugs only in 50% of patients; while radioiodine and surgery cause hypothyroidism). In GD, antigen-specific therapy has been recently published, with the induction of T cell tolerance via an immunization by TSH-R peptides. In GO, rituximab and drugs targeting cytokines have been evaluated. Furthermore, teprotumumab (a human monoclonal anti-IGF-1R blocking antibody) showed to be very effective in GO patients. Further researches are necessary to identify novel effective therapies targeting GD, or GO.

Graves' disease. Clinical manifestations, immune pathogenesis (cytokines and chemokines) and therapy / Antonelli, A.; Fallahi, P.; Elia, G.; Ragusa, F.; Paparo, S. R.; Ruffilli, I.; Patrizio, A.; Gonnella, D.; Giusti, C.; Virili, C.; Centanni, M.; Shoenfeld, Y.; Ferrari, S. M.. - In: BAILLIERE'S BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH. CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM. - ISSN 1521-690X. - 34:1(2020). [10.1016/j.beem.2020.101388]

Graves' disease. Clinical manifestations, immune pathogenesis (cytokines and chemokines) and therapy

Antonelli A.;Ragusa F.;Patrizio A.;Giusti C.;Virili C.;Centanni M.;
2020

Abstract

Graves' disease (GD) is characterized by thyrotoxicosis, caused by the presence of circulating thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb), that are determinant also in the pathogenesis of its extrathyroidal manifestations [Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), pretibial myxedema]. T helper (Th)1 immune response prevails in the immune-pathogenesis of GD and GO, during the active phase, when Th1 chemokines, and their (C-X-C)R3 receptor, play a key role. In GD, the existing treatments are not ideal for hyperthyroidism (long-term remission with anti-thyroid-drugs only in 50% of patients; while radioiodine and surgery cause hypothyroidism). In GD, antigen-specific therapy has been recently published, with the induction of T cell tolerance via an immunization by TSH-R peptides. In GO, rituximab and drugs targeting cytokines have been evaluated. Furthermore, teprotumumab (a human monoclonal anti-IGF-1R blocking antibody) showed to be very effective in GO patients. Further researches are necessary to identify novel effective therapies targeting GD, or GO.
2020
CXCL10; CXCR3; Graves' disease; Graves' ophthalmopathy; teprotumumab; Th1 immune response; autoimmunity; chemokines; cytokines; diagnosis, differential; Graves ophthalmopathy; humans; iodine radioisotopes; risk factors; Graves disease
01 Pubblicazione su rivista::01g Articolo di rassegna (Review)
Graves' disease. Clinical manifestations, immune pathogenesis (cytokines and chemokines) and therapy / Antonelli, A.; Fallahi, P.; Elia, G.; Ragusa, F.; Paparo, S. R.; Ruffilli, I.; Patrizio, A.; Gonnella, D.; Giusti, C.; Virili, C.; Centanni, M.; Shoenfeld, Y.; Ferrari, S. M.. - In: BAILLIERE'S BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH. CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM. - ISSN 1521-690X. - 34:1(2020). [10.1016/j.beem.2020.101388]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1452428
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