Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on otolaryngology, ophthalmology and dental clinical activity and future perspectives

Objective: Since the COVID-19 outbreak, otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists and dentists have been severely affected, both for the transmission routes and for the diagnostical and therapeutic procedures typical of these disciplines. Materials and methods: In this article, we discuss the transmission routes, the potential risk of contagion for patients and healthcare providers during procedures, and comment on the changes that will affect head and neck clinical practice in the future of outpatient and surgical activities. Results: Otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists and dentists are at high risk for infection contagion and spread because they perform diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that generate aerosol and droplets thus facilitating virus transmission. Furthermore, examination involves close doctor-patient contact and otolaryngologists and dentists have to remove patient's protective devices during the visit. Conclusions: Special attention to prevention protocols for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and the use of protective equipment is of utmost importance to limit contagion and prevent a new virus spread in the near future.