A split-mouth study comparing piezo electric surgery and traditional rotary burs on impacted third molars in young patients: an intraoperative and postoperative evaluation

Background: Surgery has been used in many different medical fields, for instance it is used in the field of oral surgery, as a valuable alternative to traditional rotary burs. Its first use dates to 1975 by Horton even if the first effective device for use in dentistry, has been developed by Vercellotti after the year 2000. The hypothesis of this study is that piezosurgery technology is more suitable in terms of specific intra-operative and post-operative evaluations compared to the rotary technology in ostectomy for the avulsion of the third molar germ. The null hypothesis presented is the lack of significant differences between the two technologies after and during surgery. Material and methods: Intraoperative and postoperative aspects are evaluated for a comparison between traditional rotary instruments and piezosurgery during germectomies in young patients through a blind randomized study (split-mouth). The surgical technique to employ for each hemi-arch was randomly selected from a computer algorithm. Different criteria were considered during the surgical procedure, in order to compare the two techniques. Results: The piezoelectric technique demanded more time than traditional rotary method, and the difference was statistically significant both for the time of the entire procedure and the time only required for the ostectomy itself. Post-operative evaluations such as: maximum mouth opening, facial swelling and post- operative pain showed no statistical difference. Conclusions: Even if the adopted clinical trial did not highlight any statistical difference the following review of literature showed an encouraging reduction in post-operative discomfort given by the piezosurgery as opposed to the traditional rotary bur surgery. The time taken to complete the operation however, was longer with piezosurgery compared to traditional burs.