Use of ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam after lung transplantation

Introduction: After lung transplantation (LTx), infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are frequent and difficult to treat. Some new antibiotics seem to be effective in treating these infections. Material and Methods: We describe our experience in treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae MDR and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MDR infections with ceftazidime-avibactam (CEF-AVI) and ceftazidime-tazobactam (CEFT-TAZ) in patients who underwent LTx. Results: In 3 patients who underwent double LTx and in 4 patients who underwent single LTx, strains of K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage. All patients showed worsening of respiratory functions, increasing in inflammation indexes, and, in some cases, onset of pulmonary consolidation. P. aeruginosa was treated with CEFT-TAZ for 10 days average (7-15 days) and K. pneumoniae with CEF-AVI for 14 days average (4-24 days). One patient developed a septic state caused by K. pneumoniae, requiring 24 days of therapy. None had shown side effects caused by drugs administration. One patient died after 15 days from lung transplant owing to primary graft dysfunction. Conclusions: CEF-AVI and CEFT-TAZ seems to be effective in treatment of infections caused by MDR bacteria after lung transplant.