High-intensity focused ultrasound for prostate cancer

INTRODUCTION: High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive procedure that has shown promising results in a wide range of malignant and non-malignant conditions, including localized prostate cancer (PCa).AREAS COVERED: This review aims to describe the application of HIFU in the management of patients with PCa, explaining its basic therapeutic principles, going through the main phases during a HIFU session, and providing an overview of main available evidences from literature.EXPERT OPINION: HIFU treatment for prostate cancer is increasingly performed with high success and safety. MR guidance (MR-guided HIFU) has the advantage of real-time intraprocedural thermometric feedback that ensures that the whole region of interest has been covered by critical thermal damage (and that all surrounding healthy tissues have been spared). The absence of comparative long-term trials prevents HIFU from being considered as a first choice for the treatment of patients with PCa.