Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for food analysis

Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS)has found applications in many fields. Unfortunately and despite many peculiarities, its use in food science is still in its infancy. This review focuses on both technical aspects and the different ways in which this interface has been exploited in food analysis. DESI signal's reliance on interface geometry, solvent composition, and analyte distribution is deeply evaluated and microscopic pictures of these phenomena are shown in order to provide a fundament to critically understand the overviewed works. Green aspects of the technique are also described, distinguishing between direct (no sample pretreatment)and indirect methods (minimal sample pretreatment). All papers published from the appearance of DESI interface on the market are examined. Authors' goal was to produce an organic and complete overview able to provide a clear critical opinion on the key issues, available methods and future developments in this field of study.