Morphostructural analysis, saos-2 cell viability and ph evaluation of two calcium silicate-based cement

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactivity of Pro Root MTA (Dentsply, USA) and Biodentine (Septodont, France) after contact with human osteoblast-like cells(Saos-2). Cell viability was assessed by the mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymatic (MTT) assay. A Ph analysis during the two different cement setting time was performed to evaluate the clinical effect on the pulp of the tested materials. Methods: Human osteogenic sarcoma cells, SaOS-2, were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM;Euroclone,Pero, MI, Italy), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics, and were maintained in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2 at 37 °C. Cell viability was determined by using MTT assay. Briefly, 5x104 SaOS-2 cells were seeded on Biodentine or MTA Proroot disks and cultured for 24 , 48 and 72 hours. Tetrazolium salts (MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide, 5 mg/mL suspended in PBS), was added to each well and incubated for 4 h. The formazan crystals are extracted from the cells with a solubilizing solution (DMSO). An ELISA reader (Thermo Fisher, Phadia AB, Uppsala, Sweden) was used to measure the optical density at a wavelength of 570 nm and reference length 630 nm. The results were expressed as optical density values. pH measurement The pH was assessed with pH indicator strips at 24, 48 and 72 hours. Results: The cells exposed with the two bioceramic materials showed differences in terms of viability at 24h, 48h and 72h but not statistically different. No differences between the PH after the cement setting at 24h, 48h and 72h was detected: P>0.1. Conclusion: Bioceramic cements revolutioned endodontic procedures. The biggest limit of ProRoot MTA is the low manipulability so, a new cement was introduced in the market (Biodentine) in order to obtain an easier manipulation. Despite the tests reveal comparable results, the possibility to use a material in a humid clinical condition is a big advantage for the clinician especially in pediatric dentistry. Cell Viability and PH value was comparable between the two tested materials. Further study are necessary to well evaluate the exact role of calcium since, according with the existent literature, MTA shows better clinical outcomes especially in pulp capping procedures.