Long-term results after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with concomitant posterior cruroplasty: 5-year follow-up

Background: Hiatal hernia (HH) repair during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has been advocated to reduce the incidence of postoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and/or intrathoracic migration (ITM). The necessity of intraoperative repair in asymptomatic patients is still controversial. Previous, mid-term results of a prospective, comparative study evaluating posterior cruroplasty concomitant with LSG (group A 48 patients with simple vs. group B 48 reinforced with bioabsorbable mesh) confirmed the safety and effectiveness of simultaneous procedures. Present aim was to report the 60 months follow-up update, evaluating GERD and esophageal lesions’ incidence and HH’s recurrence. Results: Follow-up was completed in 87.5% of the patients. Recurrent GERD was registered in 6/38 (15.7%, group A) and in 9/46 (19.5%, group B) (p = 1.0000). Grade A esophagitis and GERD was shown in 2 patients (5.2%), respectively 2 (4.3%) of each group (p = 1.0000), and recurrent HH was confirmed subsequently by contrast study and CT scan. Neither Barrett’s lesions nor de novo GERD was found in any patient. Failure of the cruroplasty with ITM was recorded in 7 patients from group A (18.4%) and 2 patients from group B (4.3%) p < 0.05; hence, a repeat posterior, reinforced cruroplasty was performed in all cases. A total of 12 patients (14.2%, 8 respective 4) were converted within 5 years for persistent/recurrent GERD, with only 1 case of de novo (group B). Conclusions: Accurate patient selection and proper sleeve technique, combined with posterior cruroplasty (simple or reinforced) ensure effectiveness, with a rate of failure (HH recurrence) at 5 years of 10.7%.