Design of a new architecture and simulation model for building automation toward nearly zero energy buildings

Users' load aggregation, control of smart appliances, and exploitation of thermal inertia of buildings are among key elements to improve the energy demand of buildings, toward the goals of near zero energy buildings. In this paper, we investigated a case study of an existing residential and commercial building with a microgrid and advanced technical and control systems. We have developed a model to simulate loads and the effects of control systems. The results show how increasing the extent of the microgrid and control strategies improves the load profile and energy consumption, also preserving the users' habits and comfort. Via these elements, the concept of near zero energy building can further advance toward a “near zero power building” or “zero-kilometer energy building.”