Topology of Integrity Resilience for Service Continuity of Critical Loads

The critical loads, such as hospitals, data centers, institutional services, require systems of continuous availability and their design criteria has to be aimed not only at installation but also at the operational management of the system (In-Op design). This paper highlights how the topology of the infrastructure of a medium/low voltage system must offer performances by design for the service continuity and, in particular, a fault tolerant behavior. This paper suggests special modules of system for the mission critical loads recommending at least a dual-hot supply. These modules aim to guarantee the triple integrity levels ILs against loss services transitory, of short and long time. They also offer integrity resilience IR with adequate capacity of restoring service at every distribution level against maintenance exigencies, faults and utility disservices. Therefore, local power production systems become crucial and not primary with a smoother management. Essential complement to the integrity levels and resiliencies is the management staff. It has to be qualified, trained to operate the safety and integrity procedures for effective use of all the performances of the power systems with a safe service continuity. The paper deals with a case study to analyze some details on performances by design for the service continuity.