Aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of mental models of attachment and of locus of control on the emergence of both internalizing (anxiety and mood disorders) and externalizing (aggressive behaviors) disorders. They have also been considered differences due to gender and age.Participants were 241 children, 133 males (55.2%) and 108 females (44.8%) aged between 8 and 14 years (M = 9.94, SD = 1.48). Instruments administered were: the Separation Anxiety Test for the measurement of the mental models of attachment, the Nowicki- Strikland Scale for the locus of control, the Self-Report Psychiatric Scales for Children and Adolescents for the psychopathological disorders and the Social Emotional Dimension Scales for the assessment of behavioral patterns. Results highlight association between female gender and internalizing disorders and between male gender and externalizing disorders. As for age, no significant differences between primary and secondary school subjects were found. Multiple linear regression analyzes show a significant effect of insecure attachment and external locus of control on the dimensions of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, eating disorders and somatic disorders. Aggressive behavior, on the other hand, is more influenced only by insecure attachment. In particular, in the comparison between subjects who have no disorder and those who present internalizing, externalizing or both types of disorder, a preponderance of ambivalent mental models emerges.
Obiettivo del presente studio è stato indagare l’impatto dei fattori inerenti i modelli mentali dell’attaccamento e del locus of control sull’emergere di disagi di tipo sia internalizzante (disturbi d’ansia e dell’umore) sia esternalizzante (condotte aggressive) considerando anche eventuali differenze dovute al genere e all’età. I partecipanti sono stati 241 minori, di cui 133 maschi (55.2%) e 108 femmine (44.8%) di età compresa tra 8 e 14 anni (M = 9.94, DS = 1.48). Gli strumenti somministrati sono stati: il Separation Anxiety Test per la misura del modelli mentali dell’attaccamento, la Scala Nowicki-Strikland per il locus of control, le Scale Psichiatriche di Autosomministrazione per Fanciulli e Adolescenti per l’assetto psicopatologico e il Social Emotional Dimension Scale per la valutazione degli assetti comportamentali. I risultati mettono in luce una maggiore associazione tra genere femminile e sintomi internalizzanti e tra genere maschile e sintomi esternalizzanti. In relazione all’età non emergono differenze significative nel confronto tra soggetti di scuola elementare e scuola media. Le analisi di regressione lineare multipla evidenziano un effetto significativo sia dell’attaccamento insicuro sia del locus of control esterno sulle dimensioni dell’ansia, della depressione, dei sintomi ossessivo-compulsivi, della sfera alimentare e di quella somatica. Le condotte aggressive, invece, sono maggiormente influenzate solo dall’attaccamento insicuro. In particolare nel confronto tra soggetti che non hanno alcun disagio e coloro che presentano sintomi internalizzanti, esternalizzanti oppure entrambe le tipologie di sintomo, emerge una preponderanza di modelli mentali di tipo ambivalente.
Attaccamento, locus of control e quadri sintomatologici: differenze per genere ed età in infanzia e adolescenza / Di Pentima, Lorenza; Toni, Alessandro; Attili, Grazia. - In: RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA. - ISSN 0391-6081. - 42:2(2019), pp. 251-283. [10.3280/RIP2019-002003]
Attaccamento, locus of control e quadri sintomatologici: differenze per genere ed età in infanzia e adolescenza
Di Pentima, Lorenza
Primo
;Toni, AlessandroSecondo
;Attili, GraziaUltimo
2019
Abstract
Aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of mental models of attachment and of locus of control on the emergence of both internalizing (anxiety and mood disorders) and externalizing (aggressive behaviors) disorders. They have also been considered differences due to gender and age.Participants were 241 children, 133 males (55.2%) and 108 females (44.8%) aged between 8 and 14 years (M = 9.94, SD = 1.48). Instruments administered were: the Separation Anxiety Test for the measurement of the mental models of attachment, the Nowicki- Strikland Scale for the locus of control, the Self-Report Psychiatric Scales for Children and Adolescents for the psychopathological disorders and the Social Emotional Dimension Scales for the assessment of behavioral patterns. Results highlight association between female gender and internalizing disorders and between male gender and externalizing disorders. As for age, no significant differences between primary and secondary school subjects were found. Multiple linear regression analyzes show a significant effect of insecure attachment and external locus of control on the dimensions of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, eating disorders and somatic disorders. Aggressive behavior, on the other hand, is more influenced only by insecure attachment. In particular, in the comparison between subjects who have no disorder and those who present internalizing, externalizing or both types of disorder, a preponderance of ambivalent mental models emerges.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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