EIN2 and COI1 control the antagonism between ethylene and jasmonate in adventitious rooting of Arabidopsis thaliana thin cell layers

Auxins induce adventitious roots (ARs) in numerous culture-systems, and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is frequently the best AR-inducer. Vitamin requirements vary according to species, explant, and culture-conditions. Arabidopsis thaliana thin cell layers (AtTCLs) are uncapable of AR-formation on hormone-free medium containing thiamine and myo-inositol, whereas ARs are induced when IBA (10 μM), with/without kinetin (Kin, 0.1 μM), is added. The research frst aim was to determine whether a synergism between IBA and myo-inositol and thiamine was necessary for AR-formation. Results showed that IBA induced AR-formation without myo-inositol and thiamine, but better when both vitamins were also present. Deciphering hormonal action on AR formation under optimal vitamin content would be essential for improving the AR process. Ethylene (ET)/jasmonic acid (JA) signaling cross-talk has been demonstrated as being involved in AR-formation in IBA+Kincultured AtTCLs, by using ein3eil1 and coi1-16 mutants. ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3)/EIN3-LIKE1 (EIL1) are positive regulators of ethylene (ET)-signaling, whereas CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) is involved in JA-signaling. The ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2) protein activates EIN3/EIL1 in ET-presence. To understand whether EIN2 was also involved, the AR-response of ein2-1 and coi1-16 TCLs was evaluated adding the ET-precursor 1-aminocyclopropane1-carboxylic acid (ACC, 0.1 μM) and/or the JA-donor methyl jasmonate (JAMe, 0.01 μM) to IBA+vitamins-containing medium. AR-formation was enhanced by JAMe, reduced by ACC, but unchanged by JAMe+ACC in the wild type TCLs, whereas remained similarly low in ein2-1 and coi1-16 under all treatments. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the antagonism between JA and ET in AR-formation from AtTCLs involves a cross-talk by EIN2 and COI1.