One-hour post-load hyperglycemia: implications for prediction and prevention of type 2 diabetes

Context: Recently, a value of 1-hour postload glucose concentration (1-h-PG)$155 mg/dL (8.6mmol/L) in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) has been found to be associated with an increased risk for future type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this review, we analyze the implication of 1-h-PG determination in prediction of T2DM and cardiovascular disease. Design: A literature search was performed usingMEDLINE. We included all English studies published up to February 2018 in peer-reviewed journals that examined the relationship between 1-h-PG and diabetes, cardiometabolic alterations, organ damage, and cardiovascular disease. Results: Several longitudinal studies have consistently shown that 1-h-PG $155 mg/dL can recognize individuals at increased risk for future T2DMamong subjects with NGT. Additionally, we describe the pathophysiological abnormalities associated with 1-h-PG $155 mg/dL including impaired insulin sensitivity, b-cell dysfunction, and increased glucose intestinal absorption, which are known to be involved in T2DM pathogenesis. Importantly, numerous studies have demonstrated that a value of 1-h-PG$155mg/dL in individualswith NGT is not only linked to an increased risk for future T2DM, but also able to identify those having a worse cardiovascular phenotype and an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Conclusions: Although 1-h-PG determination is not currently recommended by the American Diabetes Association for identifying high-risk individuals, the available evidence indicates that a value of 1-h- PG $155 mg/dL may be a useful tool to recognize, among subjects with NGT, those at increased risk of T2DM and cardiovascular disease.